Motor Speech Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the motor system and its disorders.

Motor System

The parts of the nervous system that control voluntary movement.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The component of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Cerebrum

The largest and most prominent part of the brain, split into two hemispheres and organized into four lobes.

Gyri

The deep convolutions of the cerebrum's surface. (hills)

Sulci

The prominent grooves or fissures in the brain, such as the lateral and central sulcus. (valley)

Cerebellum

The brain structure responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and making neural connections.

Neurons

The most important cells in the nervous system, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Glial Cells

Supportive cells in the nervous system that maintain homeostasis and form myelin.

Pyramidal System

A descending motor tract that carries impulses controlling voluntary, fine motor movements consciously.

Neuromuscular Junction

The point where axons of lower motor neurons connect to muscle cells.

Thalamus

A subcortical structure that acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signal communication.

Primary Motor Cortex

The region of the brain that receives and processes neural impulses coordinating voluntary movements.

Basal Ganglia

A group of nuclei in the brain that link the association cortex with the primary motor cortex and help smooth out motor impulses.

Upper Motor Neurons

Motor fibers located within the CNS that, when damaged, can lead to spasticity.

Lower Motor Neurons

Motor fibers located in the cranial and spinal nerves that, when damaged, can result in muscle paralysis or paresis.