Blood

Transports everything that must be carried from one place to another in the body

Blood

Oxygen rich (color)

Scarlet

Oxygen poor (color)

Purple

pH level of Blood

7.35 and 7.45

Temperature of blood

38 C or 100.4 F

Reddish pellet at the bottom of-the tube that function as a oxygen transport

Erythrocytes

Thin whittish layer between erythrocytes and plasma

Buffy coat

Function to protect the body

Leukocytes

Are cell fragments that help stop bleeding

Platelets

“Blood fraction”- percentage of total volume of a blood sample

Hematocrit

Hematocrit of RBC, WBC and platelets , and plasma

45% RBC

< 1% WBC AND PLATELETS

55% PLASMA

Liquid part of the blood

Plasma

Most abundant solutes in plasma

Plasma protein

Example of plasma protein that is a blood buffer

Albumin

It is when blood starts to become too acidic

Acidosis

It is when blood starts to become too basic

Alkalosis

Iron bearing protein

Hemoglobin

4 cells present in hemoglobin

2 Alpha cell and 2 beta cell plus heme(binds iron)

Defend the body against damage by bacteria

Leukocytes

WBC slip into and out of blood vessels

Diapedesis

WBC locate area of infections in the body by responding certain chemicals

Positive chemotaxis

WBC form flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help move them along

Amoeboid motion

Total WBC count above 11,000 cells/mm3

Leukocytosis

Abnormally low WBC count

Leukopenia

Two classifications of leukocytes

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Granule containing WBC

Granulocytes

Examples of granulocytes

NEUTROPHIL, EOSINOPHIL, BASOPHIL

Most numerous WBC that has multilobe nucleus

Neutrophil

Has a blue red nucleus that resembles earmuffs

Eosinophil

Rarest WBC that contains histamine containing granules

Basophil

Lack visible cytoplasmic granule when stained

Agranulocytes

Examples of agranulocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes

2nd most numerous leukocytes that produces antibodies

Lymphocytes

Largest WBC that has a U or kidney shaped nucleus

Monocytes

Blood cell formation

Hematopoiesis

Common stem cell

Hemocytoblast

2 types of descendants of Hemocytoblast

Lymphoid stem cell and Myeloid stem cell

Unable to synthesize proteins, grow, divide

RBC

Rate of erythrocytes production is controlled by this hormone

Erythropoietin

Hormone that stimulates formation of leukocytes and platelets

Colony stimulating factor and Interleukins (CSFs)

Accelerates production of platelets

Thrombopoietin

Process of stopping the bleeding

Hemostasis

3 major phases of hemostasis

1 vascular spasm

2 platelets plug

3 coagulation events

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign

Antigen

“Recognizers” that attach to RBCs bearing surface antigens different from those on the recipients RBCs

Antibodies

Binding of the antibodies causing foreign RBCs to clump

Agglutination

Meshwork produced by platelets to trap RBC

Fibrin

Based on which of two antigens, type A or B, a person inherits

ABO blood groups

Antigen and blood received of Blood Group “AB”

ANTIGEN = AB

Blood received = AB, B, A, O

“Universal recipients”

Antigen, antibodies and blood received of Blood Group “A”

ANTIGEN = A

ANTIBODY= Anti- B

Blood received = A, O

Antigen, antibodies and blood received of Blood Group “B”

ANTIGEN = B

ANTIBODY= Anti- A

Blood received = B, O

Antigen, antibodies and blood received of Blood Group “O”

ANTIGEN = No antigen

ANTIBODY= Anti-A and B

Blood received = O

“Universal donor”

8 Rh antigens was identified in Rhesus monkeys

Rh blood group

Rupture pf RBCs

Hemolysis

Immune serum that prevents sensitization and subsequent immune response

RhoGAM

Antibodies destroys the baby’s RBCs

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn

How many hemoglobin molecules in one blood cell

250 million

How many oxygen molecules does the iron bind

4

Only complete cell in blood

Leukocytes

A Granulocytes that reacts to bacteria and fungi during respiratory burst

Neutrophils

They have a role in allergy attacks and parasitic worms

Eosinophils

WBC lifespan

13-21 days

RBC lifespan

100-120 days

Platelet lifespan

3-5 days

Phase of hemostasis: Narrow blood vessels decreasing blood loss

Vascular spasm

Phase of hemostasis:platelets adhere to damage site

Platelet plug

platelets sticks to damaged blood vessel

Platelet adhesion

Platelet attracts other platelets

Platelet aggregation

Rh positive can receive

(+) and (-)

Rh negative can receive

(-)