Chapter 20 Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation

copulation

allowed by the female during the estrus period

which species used the kneeling (cushed) position

camels, llamas, alpacas

found in sperm to help contractions of smooth muscle in the uterus to help pull the semen to the ovaducts

prostaglandin

spermatozoa must arrive at oviducts ____ ovum

before

once it is fertilized the ovum is called a

zygote

life-support system for the developing offspring

placenta

horses Placental Attachments

diffurse

humans Placental Attachments

discoid

dogs and cats Placental Attachments

zoonary

ruminant Placental Attachments

cotyledonary

Gestation

period of pregnancy

alpacas Gestation period

11 months

cats and dogs Gestation period

2 months

cattle Gestation period

9 months

sheep/goats Gestation period

5 months

horses Gestation period

11 months

pigs Gestation period

3 mos, 3 wks, 3 days

rabbits Gestation period

1 month

Parturition

process of giving birth

First stage of labor

uterine contractions

Second stage of labor

actual delivery of the newborn

Third stage of labor

delivery of the placenta (afterbirth)

Involution of the Uterus

process where uterus immediately begins returning to its nonpregnant size

mammary glands producde

colostrum and milk

colostrum

pre-milk secretion