United States History - Period 7 Review: 1890–1945

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to U.S. history from 1890 to 1945, focusing on political movements, significant events, and legislative actions.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Ruled that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

Economic Growth during 1890-1945

Transition from a rural, agricultural economy to an urban, industrial one.

Federal Reserve

Created during the Progressive Era to regulate banking and stabilize the economy.

Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s.

New Deal

A series of programs and reforms introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the Great Depression.

Progressive Movement

A social and political movement aimed at addressing issues caused by industrialization and urbanization.

Laissez-faire Policies

Economic policies of minimal government intervention that were called into question during the Great Depression.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

A controversial trial in which two Italian immigrants were convicted of murder, highlighting xenophobia and nativism in the 1920s.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American art, literature, and music.

Social Security Act (1935)

Established a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance for American workers.

Women's Suffrage Movement

The movement to grant women the right to vote, culminating in the 19th Amendment in 1920.

Isolationism

A foreign policy approach advocating for the United States to avoid alliances or engagement in foreign wars, particularly after WWI.

Munich Agreement

A 1938 settlement permitting Nazi Germany to annex portions of Czechoslovakia, seen as a failure of appeasement.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

An international agreement that aimed to prevent war by outlawing it, which ultimately proved ineffective.

Pearl Harbor

The Japanese surprise attack on December 7, 1941, which led to the United States' entry into WWII.

Four Freedoms

The freedoms outlined by Roosevelt in 1941: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

Battle of Midway

A pivotal naval battle in 1942 where the U.S. defeated Japan, turning the tide in the Pacific Theater.

Manhattan Project

The secret U.S. project to develop atomic bombs during WWII.

Unconditional Surrender

The Allies' wartime goal regarding Axis powers, meaning no negotiations would be considered.

Lend-Lease Act

Legislation allowing the U.S. to supply Allied nations with war material while remaining officially neutral.

Executive Order 9066

Authorized the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Good Neighbor Policy

Roosevelt's foreign policy approach to Latin America encouraging cooperation and trade, moving away from intervention.