Studied by 1 person
atom
the basic building block of all matter
True or False: an atom is the smallest part of an element
TRUE
True or False: atoms can combine with different atoms to form molecules
TRUE
what is the abbreviation for parts of an atom
P.E.N.
what does the “P” stand for
protons
what does the “E” stand for
electrons
what does the “N” stand for
neutrons
protons
determine the type of element
atomic number
number of protons
proton charge?
positive electrical charge
electrons
subatomic particles found outside of the nucleus (energy levels)
electron rule
2-8-8
electron charge?
negatively charged
neutrons
subatomic particles found in the nucleus
what do neutrons do
add mass
neutron charge?
neutral
isotopes
elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
atomic weight
number of protons plus the number of neutrons averaged across all isotopes on earth
4 components of an element on the periodic table
atomic #
element symbol
element name
atomic weight
independent variable
The variable that is changed by the scientist.
dependant variable
depends on the independent variable
observation
the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information
hypothesis
educated guess of an outcome
theory
a well-supported explanation of how something works or happens
quantitative data
numerical data
qualitative data
data collected by observation of characteristics
1st Step of Scientific Method
Recognize the Problem/Ask a Question
2nd Step of Scientific Method
Form a Hypothesis
3rd Step of Scientific Method
Test the hypothesis by developing a procedure/experiment
4th Step of Scientific Method
Perform an Experiment
5th Step of Scientific Method
Analyze the Data
6th Step of Scientific Method
Draw and Conclusion and Communicate the Results
Scientific Method
A process that is used to find answers to questions about the world around us.
Control Group
a group of subjects in an experiment that do not receive the experimental treatment
buffers
substances that help maintain a stable pH in a solution by neutralizing acids and bases.
covalent bond
a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons.
ionic bond
a type of chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
peptide bond
a type of covalent bond that links amino acids together in proteins by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.
hydrogen bond
a weak bond formed between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom.
iodine test
a chemical test used to detect the presence of starch in a sample, resulting in a blue-black color.
macromolecule
Large complex molecules essential for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
negative ion
An atom that has gained one or more electrons, resulting in a net negative charge.
positive ion
An atom that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge.
compound
A substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together, resulting in a unique set of properties.
molecule
A group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.
element ratio 1:2:1
Refers to the proportion of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates, indicating that for every carbon atom, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
how many characteristics of water are there
6
what are the 6 key characteristics of water
polar molecule
hydrogen bonding
universal solvent
expands when freezes
capillary action
high surface tension
what makes up water
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
do acids give or take?
give up protons (H+ ions)
do bases give or take?
take protons
pH of acids
0-6.9
pH of neutral
7
pH of bases
7.1 - 14
are acids sour or bitter?
sour
are bases sour or bitter?
bitter
example of an acid
Common examples include vinegar and lemon juice.
example of a base
Common examples include baking soda and soap.
acids release what type of ions
hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
bases release what type of ions
hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
acids turn pH paper
red - yellow
bases turn pH paper
blue
neutral turns pH paper
green
example of a neutral pH
water
what do enzymes do
speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (energy needed to start a reaction)
an enzyme will only bind ____ specific substrate
one
the enzymes active site perfectly fits the shape of the _____
substrate
if the enzyme is denatured
to no longer function because the shape of the enzyme has changed
factors that cause denaturing include
temperature
pH
Note 
Flashcard (38)