Chapter 22- Evolution by Natural Selection

Genetic correlation

________ is when selection on one trait causes a change in another trait.

transitional feature

A(n) ________ is a trait in a fossil species that is intermediate between those of ancestral (older) and derived (younger) species.

Lamarck

________ proposed the first formal theory of evolution that species are not static but change through time.

Geologic time scale

________ is a sequence of named intervals called eons, eras, and periods that represented the major events in Earth history.

Sedimentary rocks

________ form from sand or mud or other materials deposited in layers at locations such as beaches or river mouths.

Darwin

________ claimed that instead of being unimportant, variation among individuals in a population was the key to understanding the nature of species which is viewed as population thinking.

Natural selection

________ occurs when individuals with certain heritable traits produce more surviving offspring than do individuals without those traits.

Viαriαtion

________ exists among individual orgαnisms that mαke up a populαtion.

Phylogenetic tree

________ is a branching diagram that depicts the ancestor- descendant relationships among species or other taxa.

Acclimatization

________ is a change in an individual s phenotype that occurs in response to a change in natural environmental conditions.

modification

Descent with ________ is the pattern component of the theory of evolution by natural selection makes two predictions about the nature of species:

Biological fitness

________ is the ability of an individual to produce surviving, fertile offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population.

Structural homology

________ is a similarity in adult morphology, or form.

Homology

________ is a similarity that exists in species due to common ancestry.

Extant species

________ refers to species that are living today.

heritable trait

An adaptation is a(n) ________ that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to individuals lacking the trait.

fossil

A(n) ________ is any trace of an organism that lived in the past.

vestigial trait

A(n) ________ is a reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function, or reduced function, but is clearly similar to functioning organs or structures in ancestral or closely related species.

Genetic homology

________ is similarity that occurs in DNA nucleotide sequences, RNA nucleotide sequences, or amino acid sequences.

Darwin

________ distilled the process of evolution by natural selection into four simple postulates (criteria) that form a logical sequence: