Chromosomes
Organize and package DNA and proteins for cell reproduction Wrapped around a centromere
Centrome
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Chromosome pair amount in Human
23
DNA
Nucleic acid with instructions for living things' development
Chromatin
Loosely coiled DNA around proteins in the nucleus
Gene
Segment of DNA containing genetic information
Autosomes
Chromosomes determining all traits except biological sex
(Body)Autosome amount in human
22 set of autosomes or 44 autosomes
Chromosome amount in Human
46
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes determining biological sex (X & Y)
What distingueshies a human cell from a Sex cell?
Y cell
Sex cell amount in human
2 XX or XY
Karyotype
Image of an individual's chromosomes for disease detection
atypical kar
A karyotype that consists of more than the Diploid amount for example a human. would have 47 in total
Karyotypes come in?
All shapes and sizes
Diploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
haploid
An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
Cell cycle
Eukaryotic cell replication and division process
Interphase
Cell cycle phase with growth and DNA replication
G1 phase
Rapid Cell growth
G0 phase
Resting phase where cells do not divide
S phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
G2 phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, After the S phase, Creates enzymes for the rest for mitosis and prepares for division.
What percent of cells goes through Interphase?
90%
Mitosis
Cell division process forming identical cells
Prophase
The first phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense phase after G2
Metaphase
Chromosomes align at the cell's center in mitosis
Anaphase
Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase
Chromosomes decondensed, nuclei reform in mitosis and phase before cytosis
Cytokinesis
Final cytoplasm splitting to create daughter cells
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.
chromatid
A single DNA molecule in a duplicated chromosome joined at the centromere. During cell division, chromatids separate to form individual chromosomes.