Chromsomes

Chromosomes

Organize and package DNA and proteins for cell reproduction Wrapped around a centromere

Centrome

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Chromosome pair amount in Human

23

DNA

Nucleic acid with instructions for living things' development

Chromatin

Loosely coiled DNA around proteins in the nucleus

Gene

Segment of DNA containing genetic information

Autosomes

Chromosomes determining all traits except biological sex

(Body)Autosome amount in human

22 set of autosomes or 44 autosomes

Chromosome amount in Human

46

Sex chromosomes

Chromosomes determining biological sex (X & Y)

What distingueshies a human cell from a Sex cell?

Y cell

Sex cell amount in human

2 XX or XY

Karyotype

Image of an individual's chromosomes for disease detection

atypical kar

A karyotype that consists of more than the Diploid amount for example a human. would have 47 in total

Karyotypes come in?

All shapes and sizes

Diploid

(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

haploid

An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.

Cell cycle

Eukaryotic cell replication and division process

Interphase

Cell cycle phase with growth and DNA replication

G1 phase

Rapid Cell growth

G0 phase

Resting phase where cells do not divide

S phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.

G2 phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, After the S phase, Creates enzymes for the rest for mitosis and prepares for division.

What percent of cells goes through Interphase?

90%

Mitosis

Cell division process forming identical cells

Prophase

The first phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense phase after G2

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the cell's center in mitosis

Anaphase

Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Telophase

Chromosomes decondensed, nuclei reform in mitosis and phase before cytosis

Cytokinesis

Final cytoplasm splitting to create daughter cells

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.

chromatid

A single DNA molecule in a duplicated chromosome joined at the centromere. During cell division, chromatids separate to form individual chromosomes.