ANAT- 3/27/25. Lecture Notes on Bone Structure and Formation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the structure and formation of bone as discussed in the lecture.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that can withstand heavy stresses and is primarily composed of osteons.

Osteon

The basic structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.

Spongy Bone

Type of bone tissue that is lighter and consists of trabeculae, providing structural support and flexibility.

Trabecula

A small beam or strut of bony tissue found in spongy bone that is interconnected to form a porous structure.

Lamellae

Layers of bony matrix found in both compact and spongy bone.

Canaliculi

Microscopic channels in bone that allow for communication between osteocytes and the exchange of nutrients.

Endosteum

The membrane that lines the inner surface of the bone, covering the marrow cavity.

Periosteum

A protective membrane that surrounds the outer surface of bones, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer.

Ossification

The process of bone formation, converting cartilage into bone tissue.

Intramembranous Ossification

Bone formation that occurs directly within a membrane, typically resulting in flat bones.

Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation that occurs by replacing a cartilage template with bone, typically in long bones.

Medullary Cavity

The central cavity of bone where bone marrow is stored.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, which typically contains spongy bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone, composed mainly of compact bone.

Metaphysis

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis, containing the growth plate in growing bones.

Hyaline Cartilage

A type of cartilage that is smooth and serves as a cushion at the ends of bones, particularly at joints.