Chapter 4 Ecology
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26 Terms
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Ecology
the study of living things and how they relate to each other and to their environment
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Ecosystem
a community of living organisms interacting with one another and their non-living environment within a particular area
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Environment
all the conditions in which the organism lives, which affect the growth and development of the organism
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Biosphere
the part of the planet containing living organisms
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Population
all the members of the same species living in an area
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Community
all the different populations in an area
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Habitat
the place where an organism lives and has adapted to
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abiotic
non-living
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biotic
living
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Edaphic
refers to soil and how it affects organisms
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Energy flow
the pathway along which energy is transferred in an ecosystem.
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Food chain
the pathway of energy transfer from one organism to the next in an ecosystem due to feeding.
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Grazing food chain
a food chain where the initial plant is living
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Detritus food chain
a food chain that begins with dead matter.
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food web
2 or more interlinked food chains.
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Producer
organism capable of making their own food by photosynthesis.
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consumer
organisms that feed on other organisms, that can’t make their own food
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Trophic level
the position of an organism in a food chain.
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Pyramid of Numbers
a diagram that represents the number of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain.
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Nutrient Recycling
the way in which elements are exchanged between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem
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Carbon cycle
the process by which carbon from the environment is converted to carbon in living things.
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Nitrogen fixation
conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia, ammonium or nitrate.
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Nitrification
the process of converting ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates.
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Denitrification
nitrates convert to nitrogen gas.
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Function of the nitrogen cycle
to take nitrogen from the air and make it suitable for use by living things.
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Symbiosis
relationship between 2 organisms of different species that live in close association to the benefit of both organisms.