DE US History - Unit 7 (Civil War)

Why the civil war is known as the “first modern war”

Modern tech + ancient technique, fighting in lines across the battle field

what percent of the world’s cotton does the south supply?

2/3rds

Confederate general, veteran of the Mexican war, and his men kill 1.7k+ soldiers at the battle of bull run

Robert E. Lee

Lincoln’s “hidden weapons”: could carry troops and Northern ones are under government control

Railroads

America’s 1st mass level of communication, used Morse code for brief messages, and gave Lincoln an advantage over the south

Telegraph

¾ of all operation done by army surgeons are

amputations

started the red cross, was a battlefield nurse

Clara Barton

led to an increase in hygiene, leads to an increase of amputation survivors

bromine

Union general, tactics known as “total war”, ripped up the south’s railroads

William Sherman

December 1859 - hanged + tried for murder, treason, and inciting slaves to rebel

John Brown

1860 election results

lincoln wins

Why did Lincoln disown john brown

people assumed that he paid for Brown’s raid

all sins get paid for all at once

delayed punishment

ran for president with the idea of popular sovereignty among the states

Stephen Douglass

letting states decide on slavery

popular soverignty

ran for president w the idea of pro-slavery, southern states primary voter base

John Breckinridge

republican, “Keep it where it’s at” idea on slavery, northern states primary voters

Lincoln

constitutional union party, “we believe in the constitution + maintaining the union” and Civil War fought where his voter base is

John Bell

9 million population with about 4m enslaved

south population

22 million population

north population

unlike the north, everyone in the south

is involved in the war

fought in Leesburg, Union tried to attack but Confederates guarded it really well. Almost 1,000 union soldiers in action

Battle of Ball’s Bluff

Fort Evans, Fort Beauregard, Fort Johnston

3 major forts in Leesburg

Lincoln’s main goal in 1861

preserve the union

Union tries to overtake Richmond, General stalls because he thinks he is outnumbered, leads to a Confederate victory

1862 peninsula campaign

Union General fired by Lincoln for stalling in the peninsula campaign

General McClellan

23,000 casualties (single bloodiest DAY in the war) one of the 1st major union victories in the east

Antietam 1862

what did the Battle of Antietam lead Lincoln into doing?

proposing the emancipation proclamation

Union general at Antietam who leads a lot of union soldiers to their deaths over a cornfield, fired by Lincoln

Ambros Burnsides

Union general with a casualty rate of over 50%, fought at the battle of Fredericksburg in 1862

Thomas Hooker

“grey ghost” who kidnapped a general without anyone noticing, and had a 90% casualty rate

Mosby’s Rangers

January 1st, 1863

Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect

union army takes Mississippi river, once Vicksburg’s bluff falls, entire MI river under union control

Battle of Vicksburg 1863

bloodiest BATTLE of the war, over 51,000 deaths in over 3 days

battle of Gettysburg 1863

Lincoln dedicates a portion of the cemetery in Gettysburg to those who died in the battle

Gettysburg Address 1863

2 states where dairy cattle + hay were the major agricultural crop

Maine and New York

3 states where corn + wheat were grown

Ohio, North Carolina and Indiana

Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, south carolina, georgia

Cotton was grown in which states

4 ways Virginians made money PRE-WAR

Corn, wheat, tobacco, factories

made paper notes legal tender and created a national currency

Legal Tender Act

Contested the president’s power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus during a national emergency. (Lincoln ignored this ruling from Chief Justice Robert Taney)

Ex Parte Merryman

“all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforth, to be free”

Emancipation Proclamation

What secretary helped with the emancipation proclamation?

William H Seward

Established first national draft system, required registration for every male citizen + immigrant between 20-45 years of age

1st Conscription Act

What secretary helped with the 1st Conscription act?

Edwin Stanton

allowed federal government to seize property (slaves counted as property) that were being used to support Confederate rebellion

Confiscation act

what secretary helped with the confiscation act?

Edward bates

granted adult heads of families 160 acres of land for a small filing fee and 5 years of residence on the land

Homestead Act

designated 32nd parallel as the initial transcontinental railroad route + provided government bonds to fund the project and large pieces of land for rights of way

Pacific Railroad Act

set aside federal lands to create colleges for the agricultural and mechanical acts

Morrill Land Grant Act

military strat proposed by Union General Winfield Scott early in the civil war. The plan called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, thrust down the Mississippi, and strangulation of the south by Union armed forces.

Anaconda Plan

Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia

Border states

to force men into the armed forces

conscription

type of warship

Ironclads

temporary rule by military rather than other civilian authority

Martial Law

to withdraw from an organization

secede

surrounding + bombarding a fortified place with the intention of the opponent surrendering

siege

railroad that connected the east and west united states

transcontinental railroad

another turning going in the war, decreased Confederate morale and economic losses

sherman’s march to the sea

organization among abolitionists that helped escaped slaves fleeing to the northern states/canada

underground railroad

military strat involving using all available resources + weapons to destroy the enemy

total war

1st major battle of the civil war, and who won

1st Manassas, Confederate victory

robert e Lee surrendered to ulysses s grant, allowing union victory over the war

appomattox court house

outlawed slavery above 36-30 line in Louisiana territory, people arguing over # of free/slave due to house of reps. + congress

missouri compromise

fought in Texas, new Mexico, california, North and central Mexico. (soon after Texas revolution) leads to treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo

mexican war

measures proposed by clay in 1850: called for California as a free state, established boundary between Texas and US, abolished slave trade in DC and amended fugitive slave act

compromise of 1850

anti slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, about a slave who saved little Eva whose father purchases tom

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

repealed Missouri compromise, created 2 new territories that allow popular sovereignty, produced bleeding kansas

Kansas-Nebraska Act

violent civil confrontation in Kansas + with Missouri, political ideological debate on legality of slavery, ~55 killed

Bleeding Kansas

supreme court ruled slaves not US citizens and can’t expect protection from federal courts

Dred Scott vs. Sandford

debates between Abe Lincoln and Stephen Douglas in a campaign for an Illinois senate spot, helped Lincoln work his way to presidency

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

raid on harpers ferry, john Brown an abolitionist is the leader, 16 killed, brown hanged, 6 tried and escaped

John Brown’s Raid

gave Lincoln a victory over in both popular and electoral vote, Kentucky did not support Lincoln, remained an important focus in lincoln’s policies during the civil war

election of 1860

2 states where total war was exhibited

Virginia and Georgia

barns and smokehouses burned to the ground

burning raids of loudoun valley

lincoln vs freemont vs mcclellan

election of 1864

who does Lincoln have as his running mate in the 1864 election?

andrew johnson

union soldiers blow up tunnels under Petersburg, but there’s no oxygen, so they fight in the craters of the caves

Siege of Petersburg