Polisci 002 Exam 2

Markets

A community of buyers and sellers.

Public goods

goods provided by the state.

Social Expenditures

States provision of public goods/benefits

Inflation

When there is too much money in circulation making products more expensive.

Deflation

When there is less money in circulation making the power of currency stronger. Products get less expensive.

Tariff

A tax on an imported good

Quota

A limit to the number of goods that can be imported in the country.

Nontariff Regulatory barriers

Regulations/restrictions that make it harder for foreign goods to enter a country- not tariffs.

Capital Controls

Limit on the amount of currency that can enter a state.

Liberalism

High levels of social and economic freedom. Free markets. Laissez-faire.

Social Democracy

Still free markers, but more government regulations and taxation. You can own private property.

Communism

No private property, state controlled economy.

Mercantilism

Trading to maximize state wealth and power. Focused on exports. China.

Central Bank

The Federal Reserve in the US. Entity that attempts to regulate domestic markets.

The Federal Reserve

The US central bank

The Great Leap Forward

1958 under chairman Mao Zedong in China. Killed like 30-60 million people. He sold crops to the Soviet Union while his people starved.

Laissez

faire Capitalism- Hands off. The government does not interfere in the economy.

Direct Democracy

When citizens can directly vote for laws. Ancient Greece. Voting on props in California.

Indirect Democracy

Voting for representatives who vote for laws. The US as a whole.

Modernization

As states modernize and become wealthier, they become more liberal and democratic.

Elites

Must be able to give up some of their power for democracy.

Civil Society

Countries that have strong civil society(life outside government) are more likely to democratize. Sports teams, community, groups.

International Relations

External pressure from democratized states can force or lead other countries to democratize. International actors can play a role in whether or not states democratize.

Political Culture

Because of a state's culture, they may be more or less inclined to democratize. Western democracies are more likely to give rise to modernity.

3 branches of government responsibilities

Legislative(writes laws). Executive(enforces laws and controls foreign affairs). Judicial(interprets laws).

Head of state vs. Head of Government

Head of state is more of a symbolic leader of a country. Head of government is the actual leader of the government.

Multi member voting districts

proportional representation, multiparty system.- Multi member voting districts typically use proportional representation and typically lead to a multi party system. Not used in the US.

Authoritarianism

A small group of people exercising power over the state in a nondemocratic manner.

Totalitarianism

More extreme form of authoritarianism. The government controls every aspect of life. Controls political and social aspects. North Korea.

Modernization(nondemocratic)

Not all states that grow economically become democracies.

Elites (nondemocratic)

Elites prevent society from becoming democratic because they don't want to give up power.

Society (nondemocratic)

Groups without strong civil societies don't become democracies.

International Relations

Other states influence

Culture

Some cultures are not prone to democracy.

Coercion

Method in which authoritarian regimes keep the public in check. Use of fear.

Co

optation- Method in which authoritarian regimes keep the public in check. Provide benefits to some groups and not others. Split the public.

Theocracy

When religion and state are intertwined.

Examples of Theocracy

Iran, Saudi Arabia

Military Rule

When a state is heavily controlled by the military.

Resource Trap

When a state has an abundance of natural resources yet still has a stagnant economy.

Single Party system

When only one political party is allowed in a country. China.

Percentage of free vs unfree countries

Most states are free or mostly free than non-free.

China

single party system and means of control- Coercion.

Multinational Corporations

Amazon, Apple, Google. Any corporation that operates in multiple countries.

Nongovernmental Organizations

Red Cross, Roman Catholic Church. A non state controlled entity that works internationally.

Intergovernmental Organizations

States working together internationally.

Autonomy and Sovereignty in the globalized world

As the world becomes smaller, sovereignty and autonomy decreases.

Foreign Direct Investment

When a state invests money into another state. Greatly increasing. More countries do it regularly.