QUESTIONS - Ru

Skin

FUNGAL

• Dermatomycosis / Dermatophytosis / Ringworm

VIRAL

• Papillomatosis / Warts

• POXVIRUS

  • Cowpox

  • Lumpy skin disease / Bovine nodular dermatitis

  • Pseudocowpox

  • Bovine papular stomatitis

  • Contagious pustular dermatitis / Contagious ecthyma / ORF disease

• SYSTEMIC

  • Bovine ulcerative mammillitis

  • FMD

  • Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

  • Pseudolumpy skin disease

  • Herpes mammary pustular dermatitis

  • Pseudorabies

  • BVDV

PARASITIC

• Warbles / Hypodermiosis

• Louse / Pediculosis

• Mange / Scab mites

• Ticks

• Myasis

• Keds

BACTERIAL

• Abscess

• Actinobacillosis / Wooden tongue

• Cellulitis

• Clostridial cellulitis

• Necrobacillosis

• Folliculitis and furunculosis

• Caseous lymphadenitis

• Dermatophilosis

ALLERGIC

• Urticaria / hives

• Angioedema

• Anaphylaxis

ENVIRONMENTAL

• Photosensitisation / Sun dermatitis

• Frostbite

• Burns

• Contact dermatitis

NUTRITIONAL

• Parakeratosis / Zinc deficiency

• Minerals and vitamins deficiencies

CONGENITAL

• Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

• Hypotrichosis

• Ichtyosis

• Baldy calf syndrome

• Dermatosparaxis

Cardiovascular

CONGENITAL

• Atrial and ventricular septal defect

• Patent ductus arteriosus

• Tetralogy of Fallot

ACQUIRED

• Pericarditis

• Endocarditis

• Myocarditis

• CARDIOMYOPATHIES

  • Nutritional / White muscle disease

VESSELS

• Thrombophlebitis

• Caudal vena cava thrombosis

BLOOD

• HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS

  • Bovine neonatal pancytopenia / Bleeding calf syndrome

ANAEMIAS

• Non-regenerative

• Regenerative

PARASITIC

• Babesiosis

• Theileriosis

• Trypanosoma

• Schistosoma / Blood fluke

BATERIAL

• Anaplasmosis

• Anthrax

• Leptospirosis

• Eperythrozoonosis

• Bovine capillary hemoglobinuria

VIRAL

• Enzootic bovine leukocytosis

• Bluetongue

• FMD

Respiratory

URT

• Rhinitis

• Sinusitis

• Acute pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis

• Laryngeal obstruction and necrotic laryngitis

LRT

• Bovine respiratory disease complex / Shipping fever

BACTERIAL

• Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis / Mannheimiosis

• Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia / Bovine mycoplasmosis

• Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia / Caprine mycoplasmosis

• Bovine TBC

VIRAL

• Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / Infectious bovine vulvovaginitis / Red nose syndrome

• Bovine parainfluenza / Shipping fever

• Ovine progressive pneumonia / Maedi-Visna

• Bovine infectious bronchopneumonia / Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

PARASITIC

• Bovine parasitic pneumonia / Lungworm

• Ovine and caprine parasitic pneumonia

• Bot flies

FUNGAL

• Mycotic pneumonia

NON-INFECTIOUS

• Aspiration pneumonia

• Metastatic pneumonia / Vena cava syndrome

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome / Fog fever / Acute interstitial pneumonia

Gastrointestinal

ORAL CAVITY and OESOPHAGUS

• NON-INFECTIOUS

  • Stomatitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, oesophagitis

  • Pharyngeal obstruction

  • Oesophageal obstruction / Choke

• DENTAL

  • Staining

  • Defective enamel formation

  • Mottling

  • Excessive wear

  • Malposition

  • Broken

  • Dentigenous cysts

  • Periodontitis

• BACTERIAL

  • Oral necrobacillosis / Necrotic laryngitis

  • Actinobacillosis / Wooden tongue

  • Actinomycosis / Lumpyjaw

• VIRAL

  • FMD

  • Vesicular stomatitis

  • Rinderpest / Cattle plague / Peste des petits ruminants

INTESTINAL

• Diarrhoeic syndrome in calves / New-born calf diarrhoea

• Cronic diarrhoea

• BACTERIAL

  • Salmonellosis

  • Campylobacteriosis

  • Colibacillosis

  • Clostridiosis

  • Yersiniosis

• VIRAL

  • Rotavirus

  • Coronavirus / Winter dysentery

  • BVD

• PARASITIC

  • Coccidiosis

  • Cryptosporidiosis

  • Giardiasis

  • RUMEN

    • Family Trychostrongylidae

    • Strongyloidosis

    • Moniesiasis

  • LI

    • Family Chabertiidae

    • Trichuriosis

CONGENITAL

• Cleft palate

• Atresia ani

NON-INFECTIOUS

• Ileus

Forestomach and abomasum

FORESTOMACH

• Simple indigestion

• Acute ruminal acidosis

• Chronic ruminal acidosis / Sub-acute ruminal acidosis

• Acute ruminal alkalosis

• Acute ruminal tympany / Bloat

• Chronic tympany

• Hoflund syndrome / Vagus indigestion / Vagotony

• Hardware disease / Traumatic reticulo-peritonitis

• Ruminal drinking

• Ruminal parakeratosis

ABOMASUM

• Displacement

• Right abomasal volvulus

• Abomasal ulcers

PARASITIC

• Paramphistomosis / Rumen fluke

• Ostertagiasis / Brown stomach worm

• Haemonchosis / Barber’s pole worm

• Trychostrongylosis / Stomach hairworm

• Cryptosporidiosis

Liver

CONGENITAL

• Porto-systemic shunt

• Gilbert syndrome

ACQUIRED

• Fatty liver / Hepatic lipidosis / Steatosis / fat cow syndrome

• Hepatic encephalopathy

• Diffuse hepatitis / Liver cirrhosis

• Tumors

• Cholangiohepatitis

• Liver abscessation

• Bovine bacillary haemoglobinuria

• Black disease / Infectious necrotic hepatitis

PARASITIC

• Liver flukes

• Dicrocoelium dendriticum

• Echinococcosis

• Cysticercosis

• Toxocara vitulorum

Reproduction

FEMALE

• NON-INFECTIOUS

  • CONGENITAL

    • Ovarian hypoplasia

    • Segmental aplasia of uterus

    • Freemartinism

    • Rectovaginal constriction

  • ACQUIRED

    • Cystic ovarian disease

    • Endometritis

    • Metritis

    • Pyometra

    • Hydrometra

    • Retention of foetal MB / Retained placenta

    • Abortion

    • Embryonic mortality

    • Uterine torsion

    • Uterine prolapse

    • Vaginal prolapse

• INFECTIOUS

  • VIRAL

    • Border disease / Hairy shaker disease

    • Bluetognue

    • BVD

    • IBR / IPV

    • Rift valley fever

    • Schmallenberg

    • Enzootic bovine leukosis

  • BACTERIAL

    • Brucellosis / Bang’s disease

    • Leptospirosis

    • Listeriosis

    • Bovine genital campylobacteriosis / Vibriosis

    • Enzootic abortion of ewes / Sporadic abortion in cattle

    • Q-fever

    • Bovine TBC

  • PARASITIC

    • Neosporosis

    • Trichomoniasis

    • Toxoplasmosis

    • Sarcocystis

  • FUNGAL

    • Bovine mycotic abortion

MALE

• Impotentia generendi

• Impotentia coeundi

• Penile injury

• Stenosis of preputial opening

• Balanoposthitis

• Paraphimosis

• Phimosis

• Fibropapilloma

• Phallocampsis / Penile deviation

• Orchitis

• Testicular neoplasia

• Testicular hypoplasia

• Cryptorchidism

• Epididymitis

• Abnormalities of semen

• Seminal vesiculitis

Urinary

RENAL

• Renal insufficiency

• Renal failure / Renal dysfunction

• Renal ischaemia

• Pyelonephritis

• Glomerulonephritis

• Embolic nephritis

• Interstitial nephritis

• Amyloidosis

URINARY BLADDER

• Cystitis

• Urolithiasis / Water belly

• Bovine enzootic haematuria / Bracken fern

• Leptospirosis

CONGENITAL

• Patent urachus

Locomotory

CLAWS OF CATTLE

• Digital dermatitis

• Interdigital dermatitis

• Sole ulcer

• Pododermatitis circumscripta septica

• Phlegmona interdigitalis / Bovine foot rot

• Pododermatitis aseptica diffusa / Laminitis

CLAWS OF SHEEP

• Contagious ovine digital dermatitis

• Pododermatitis digitalis ascendens

• Ovine foot rot

VIRAL

• Caprine arthritis and encephalitis

MUSCLES

• Nutritional myopathy / White muscle disease

• Myositis

• Paralytic myoglobinuria / Muscular dystrophy / Rhabdomyolysis

• Ischaemic myopathy / Downer cow syndrome

• Clostridial myositis

BONES

• Osteomyelitis

• Osteodystrophy

• METABOLIC

  • Rickets / Osteomalacia / Hypophosphataemia

  • Osteoporosis / Enzootic calcinosis / Hypercalcemia

JOINTS

• Arthritis and polyarthritis

Neural

INFECTIOUS

• Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

• Scrapie

• VIRAL

  • Rabies

  • Aujeszky’s diseases / Pseudorabies / Mad itch

  • Caprine arthritis and encephalitis

  • Maedi-Visna

• BACTERIAL

  • Listeriosis

  • Tetanus / Lockjaw

  • Botulism / Sleeping disease

  • Anthrax

• PARASITIC

  • Toxoplasmosis

  • Neospora

  • Ceonurosis

NON-INFECTIOUS

• Polioencephalomalacia / Cerebro-cortical necrosis

• Hypomagnesemic tetany / Grass tetany

• Enzootic ataxia / Copper deficiency / Swayback

• Milk fever / Hypocalcemia / Parturient paresis / Calving paralysis

• Hypovitaminosis A

INTOXICATIONS

• Lead / Saturnism

• Mercury

• Arsenic

• Ketone bodies

• Hepatic encephalopathy / Ammonia poisoning

• Salt poisoning / Water deprivation

NEWBORNS

• Bacterial meningo-encephalitis

• Cerebellar disease

• Hydrocephalus

OTHERS

• Peripheral nerve disorders

• Fracture of sacral/coccygeal vertebrae / Crushed tail head syndrome

Udder

• Mastitis

CONTAGIOUS MASTITIS

• Staphylococcal mastitis

• Streptococcus agalactiae and dysgalactiae

• Mycoplasmosis

ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS

• Streptococcus uberis

• Trueperellosis

• Coliform mastitis

• Clostridium perfringens

TRAUMATIC and STRUCTURAL

• Breakdown of support apparatus

• Haematomas

• Teat sphincter inadequacy / Leaker teat

PHYSIOLOGICAL

• Udder oedema / “Caked bags”

• Supernumerary teats

• Agalactia

TEATS and SKIN

• Udder cleft dermatitis / Intertrigo

INFECTIOUS

• Contagious agalactia

• Bovine ulcerative mammillitis

• Agents causing lesions

Intoxications

• Salt

• Nitrate and nitrite

• Urea

• Organophosphate and carbamates / Insecticides

MYCOTOXINS

• Aflatoxins

• Zearalenone F2

• Fumonisin

• Trichotecene

METALS

• Lead / Saturnismus

• Copper

• Arsenic

• Mercury

• Cadmium

• Fluorine

• Selenium

PLANTS

• Gossypol

• Bracken fern / Enzootic haematuria

Electrolytes

CALCIUM

• Milk fever / Hypocalcemia / Parturient paresis

  • Downer cow syndrome / Ischaemic myopathy

• Enzootic calcinosis / Hypercalcemia

PHOSPHORUS

• HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

  • Acute hypophosphatemia

  • Chronic hypophosphatemia

  • Post-parturient haemoglobinuria

MAGNESIUM

• Hypomagnesemic tetany

• Hypermagnesaemia

SODIUM

• Hyponatraemia

• Hypernatraemia / Salt poisoning

POTASSIUM

• Hypokalaemia

• Hyperkalaemia

Trace elements

• Copper

• Selenium

• Iron

• Iodine

• Cobalt

• Manganese

• Zinc

• Molybdenum

Acide-Base

ACIDOSIS

• Metabolic acidosis

• Respiratory acidosis

• Acute ruminal acidosis

• Chronic ruminal acidosis

ALKALOSIS

• Acute alkalosis / Urea poisoning

• Metabolic alkalosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

Vitamins

FAT-SOLUBLE

• Vit. A / Retinol and retinal

• Vit. D / Calciferol

• Vit. E / Tocopherol and tocotrienol

• Vit. K / Phylloquinone, menaquinone and menadione

WATER-SOLUBLE

• Vit. C / Ascorbic acid

• Vit. B1 / Thiamine

• Vit. B2 / Riboflavin

• Vit. B3 / Niacin

• Vit. B5 / Pantothenic acid

• Vit. B6 / Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine

• Vit. B7 / Biotin

• Vit. B9 / Folic acid

• Vit. B12 / Cobalamin

• Choline

Production

• Aetiologies

• Factors

• Metabolic profile test

• Ketosis / Acetonaemia

• Pregnancy toxaemia

• Fat cow syndrome / Hepatic lipidosis / Steatosis / Fatty liver

• Hypocalcemia / Milk fever

• Hypophosphatemia / Rickets, Osteomalacia

• Hypomagnesaemic tetany / Grass tetany

• Hypokalemia

• Downer cow syndrome / Ischaemic myopathy

• Mastitis

• Lameness