astronomy test 4 - Big Bang Theory

Planck Epoch

A mystery partly because we lack a quantum theory of gravity.

The Grand Unification Epoch

Forces except gravity are unified

The inflationary Epoch

universe expands rapidly smaller than a proton to bigger than a melon - supported experimentally

electroweak epoch

Weak and electromagnetic forces act as one

The Quark, Hadron and Lepton Epoch

What we think of a “normal” elementary particle form and survive.

Photons, Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Background Radiation

Atoms form (Hydrogen and Helium) and Cosmic Background radiation ‘ decouples ‘ from matter

Dark Ages

Atoms exists but stars don’t.

“Modern” Era =Stars form

Quantum fluctuations at the time of inflation determines the distribution of matter in the universe. Denser areas are where stars will form. Gravity is the major large-scale force

what technique would you use to measure the solar system?

radar ranging

what technique would you use to measure nearby stars?

parallax

what technique would you use to measure the milky way

main-sequence fitting

what technique would you use to measure nearby galaxies

cepheids

what technique would you use to measure galaxy clusters

distant standards - tully fisher relation