2.2. Organizational structure (HL)

Project-based Organization (PBO)

An organization structure where most activities are carried out by temporary teams assembled for specific projects, designed to be more flexible and responsive to market demands.

Advantages of PBO

Includes efficiency in resource allocation, responsiveness to customer needs, opportunities for creativity, and improved employee performance.

Disadvantages of PBO

Includes potential isolation of employees, communication problems between teams, negative effects on employee development, and conflicts of loyalty.

Flexible Organizational Structure

A structure that continuously changes to meet customer needs, often utilizing teams that can adapt and reorganize quickly.

Shamrock Organization

An organizational model that consists of core workers, contract workers, and peripheral workers, aiming to balance workforce flexibility with cost reduction.

Core Workers

Permanent employees crucial to the organization's success, typically technicians, senior managers, and professionals linked to organizational performance.

Contract Workers

Specialized workers not permanently employed by the organization, whose skills are needed for specific projects.

Peripheral Workers

The largest and most flexible group of workers performing routine tasks, often part-time and paid based on hours worked.

Gig Economy

A labor market characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work, typically facilitated by online platforms.

Uber's Business Model

A ridesharing company operating under a flexible workforce model, where drivers are classified as contractors rather than employees.

Communication in PBO

A potential issue due to limited interaction between individual teams, which can hinder knowledge transfer.

Leadership styles in organizations

The manner in which leaders contribute to organizational direction, including autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire styles.

Team Dynamics

The interpersonal relationships and processes that occur in teams, affecting their performance and effectiveness.

Project Scope

The boundaries and deliverables that define a project and determine what is included and excluded.

Stakeholder Engagement

The process of involving individuals or groups with an interest in the outcome of a project throughout its lifecycle.

Risk Management

The identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks, followed by coordinated efforts to minimize, monitor, and control their impact.

Agile Methodology

A project management approach that emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback over rigid planning.

Milestone

A significant point or event in a project timeline that indicates progress and allows for assessment of the project's trajectory.

Deliverables

Specific outputs or results that must be produced to complete a project or project phase.

Change Management

The systematic approach to dealing with change, focusing on guiding individuals and organizations through transitions.

Performance Metrics

Quantitative measures used to assess the success and efficiency of a project or organizational process.

Time Management

The process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities to enhance productivity.