Skin pathologies

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26 Terms

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melanoma

skin cancer

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superficial spreading melanoma

most common malignant melanoma

brown or black raised patch with an irregular border and may include variable pigmentation

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nodular melanoma

most aggressive form of melanoma

small suddenly appearing, but quickly enlarging bump or papule

most are black

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lentigo malignant melanoma

less common

as lesions enlarge, they can show more variations in pigment

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acral lentiginous melanoma

usually dark brown or black

most common in people with darker skin tones

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burn

injury from direct contact with or exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation source

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burn severity

determined by the depth of the burn injury and the total body surface area involved

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thermal burns

caused by exposure to sources such as flame, hot liquid, hot steam, or hot objects

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chemical burns

caused by tissue contact with or ingestion, inhalation, or injection of strong acids, alkalis, or organic compounds

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electrical burns

caused by heat that is generated by electrical energy as it passes through the body

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radiation burns

caused by exposure to radioactive source

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epidermis

superficial burn

sunburn, UV exposure, brief exposure to flash, flame or hot liquids

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dermis

partial thickness burn

superficial: scalding liquids, semi liquids, or solids

deep: immersion scald, flame

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subcutaneous tissue

full thickness burn

prolonged exposure to chemical, electrical, flame, scalding liquids or steam

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cutaneous burns

exposure to excessive heat results in denaturation of proteins, water vaporization, and cutaneous blood vessel thrombosis in affected areas

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electrical burns

heat is generated as the electricity travels throughout the body, resulting in internal tissue damage and potential multisystem injury

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infection

most common and life threatening complication of burn injuries

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hands and joints

burns here can result in permanent physical and vocational disability, requiring extensive therapy and rehab

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pressure injury

lesion caused by unrelieved pressure, resulting in damage to underlying tissue

usually occur over bony prominences

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pressure injury risk factors

sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, friction/shear

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stage 1 pressure injury

intact skin with a localized are of non-blanchable erythema

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stage 2 pressure injury

partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis

adipose is not visible and deeper tissues are not visible

granulation tissue, slough, and eschar are not present

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stage 3 pressure injury

full thickness loss of skin, in which adipose is visible in the ulcer and granulation tissues and epibole are often present

slough and/or eschar may be visible

fascia, muscle tendon, ligament, cartilage, and or bone are not exposed

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stage 4 pressure injury

full thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed or directly palpable fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, or bone in the ulcer

slough and/or eschar may be visible

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unstageable pressure injury

full thickness skin and tissue loss in which the extent of tissue damage within the ulcer cannot be confirmed because it is obscured by slough or eschar

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deep tissue pressure injury

results from intense and or prolonged pressure and shear forces at the bone-muscle interface

wound may evolve rapidly to reveal the actual extent of tissue injury or may resolve without tissue loss