EFF Chp. 14

clean agent

fire suppression material that leaves little or no residue when used

gas cooling

directing water into hot gas layer to reduce heat release rate in compartment

shielded fire

fire located in remote part of structure or hidden from view by objects in compartment

direct attack (structural)

In structural FF, attack method involves discharge of water or foam stream directly onto burning fuels

indirect attack (structural)

in strutrucal FF, form of attack that involves directing fire stream towards ceiling of compartment to generate large amount of steam to cool compartment

combination attack

extinguishing fire by using direct and indirect attack

transitional attack

fire attack form exterior through vent opening that cools fire compartment and helps transition fire from vent-limited to fuel-limited conditions

exposure protection

covering any object to immediate vicinity of fire with foam or water

exterior exposure

building or other combustible object located close to fire building in danger of becoming involved due to heat transfer from fire building

interior exposure

areas of fire building not involved in fire but connected to fire area in manner in fire but connected to fire area in manner that may facilitate fire spread through available opening

incident safety officer (ISO)

member of command staff responsible for monitoring and assessing safety hazards and unsafe conditions during incident and developing measure for personnel safety

lockout/tagout device

device used to secure machines power switch to prevent accidental re-start to machine

liquified petroleum gas (LPG)

any of several petroleum products (i.e propane and butane) stored under pressure as a liquid

compressed natural gas (CNG)

natural gas stored in a vessel at high pressure (btwn 2,400-3,600 psi)

liquified natural gas (LNG)

natural gas cooled to liquid state and stored under pressure

class A foam

foam designed for use on class A combustibles

topography

physical configuration of land or terrain using contour lines often

anchor point

point from which fire line began that prevents fire spread and of crews being flanked while constructing fire line

direct attack (ground cover)

in wildland FF, action taken directly on burning fuels by applying extinguishing agents to edge or on fire

fire line

in wildland FF, part of control line that is scraped/dug to material/soil

flank attack

attacking fire on flank or sides of a wildland fire and working along edge toward head of fire

indirect attack (ground cover)

in wildland FF, control fire with control line constructed or located distance from edge of main fire

fuel between 2 parts burned

parallel attack

constructing fire line parallel to wildlands fires edge

T/F: using water for cooling is the most effective method available for extinguishment of smoldering fire

true

T/F: when entering a structure, attack crews should stay low and out of the doorway while the door is forced open

true

T/F: cooling hot gases overhead can reduce the risk of ignition and potential flashover to provide a safer operating environment

true

T/F: FF should attack with the wind blowing toward them to help combat any changes in fire pattern

false

attack with wind to back

T/F: an indirect attack is a way of reducing heat release from the hot gas layer

false

gas cooling is way

T/F: fires in the upper level of structures can require a large number of personnel to conduct large scale evacs, carry tools and equipment, and maintain a sustained fire attack

true

T/F: basement fires can weaken the floor joists of the level above, causing it to be structurally unstable

true

T/F: FD personnel are responsible for turning utilities back on once the fire is under control

false

not responsible to do so and shouldn’t attempt to do so

T/F: the ability to control electricity at a structure is not a priority for FF

false

must be able to control flow of electricity into structure

T/F: heat from a vehicle fire could result in engine hod struts overheating, which can cause the struts to launch with tremendous force

true

T/F: CNG and LNG tanks can rupture if exposed to fire, resulting in an explosion

true

T/F: topography is the most significant influence on ground cover fire behavior

false

weather most significant influence

T/F: fire will usually spread faster when burning downhill

false

spreads faster uphill

closing a door to a fire room can limit the air supply to the fire and can prevent ________

flashover

_____ attack reduces the potential for flashover and creates a more survivable interior environment

transitional

controlling ventilaiton with_____ pressure is adjoined, uninvolved areas of a structure can also pressurize those areas and isolate the fire to one area

positive

the only safe way to cut all power to a structure is at the _______ or ________

main breaker

meter shutoff

natural gas is classified as an ______ because it may displaces air in a confined space and lead to suffocation

asphyxiant

when combating an engine compartment fire, driving a ______ nozzle through the hood, fenders, or wheel wells is not a safe tactic for hybrid and electrical vehicles

piercing

when attacking a fire in the passenger compartment, if normal entry is not possible, break a window and attack the fire with medium ___ pattern

fog

when dealing with a hybrid or hybrid electrical vehicle, it will take approximately ____ mins fr energy in the system to dissipate when using inertia switches and pilot circuits to shut off high voltage system

5

if a vehicle that uses biodiesel is on fire, use _____, co2 water fog spray, or foam to extinguish it

dry chemical

if a ______ vehicle is on fire, use a TI to see the flame, protect exposures and allow the fuel to burn off rather than attempting to extinguish the fire

hydrogen-fueled

when extign. a fire involving stacked materials, _______ will soak into the materials and coat the ground cover and exposuers, preventing fire spread. This is very effective when applied with an educator or through compressed air foam system

class A foam

the most common type of ground fire is the ___ fire

surface

______ attack should be used against ground cover fires that are too hot, too fast or too large for other types of attack

indirect

a safety principle for ground cover fires is to throw all burned/charred material into the ____ and scatter/cut unburned fules into the ______

black

green

what control valve uses a circular disk inside a flat plate in top of the valve housing. when the valve is open, the disk is perpendicular to the surrounding plate. It operates with a built-in crank.

post indicator valave assembly

what valve has a hollow metal post that houses the valve stem with a movable plate with the words OPEN or SHUT visible through a small glass window on the side of the housing?

post indicator valve

what valve extends horizontally through the wall with the target abd valve operating nut on the outside of the building?

wall post indicator valve

what valve has a yoke on the outside with a threaded screw that opens and closes the gate inside the valve housing. the threaded portion of the screw is visible beyond the yoke only when the valve is open.

outside screw and yoke valve

what part of a ground cover fire has long narrow strips of fire extending from the main fire, usually occurring when the fire burns into an area that has light fuel and patches of heavy fuel?

finger

what part of a ground cover fire has patches of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter?

islands

what part of a ground cover fire has area where the fire started and the point from which it spreads ?

origin

what part of a ground cover fire has an area if unburned fuels next to involved area?

green

what part of a ground cover fire has area in which the fire has consumed or “blackened” the fuels?

black

what part of a ground cover fire has outer boundary or the distance around the outside edge of the burning or burned area?

perimeter

what part of a ground cover fire has part of a ground cover fire that spreads most rapidly?

head

what part of a ground cover fire presents a hazard to personnel working on the main fire because they could become trapped between the two fires?

spot fire

what part of a ground cover fire are the sides of a ground cover fire, roughly parallel to the main direction of fire spread?

flanks

what part of a ground cover fire is the side opposite to the head of the fire?

heel

using water to cool burning gases in a structure fire does NOT:

speed up the pyrolysis process of combustible materials

which method would NOT effectively control steam production?

open nozzle completely and put as much water on fire as possible

fuel removed is NOT a common tactic for:

house fires

what is a pre-entry consideration critical to FF safety and effectiveness?

identifying potential emergency escape routes

in which type of fire attack is water applied onto the surface of the burning fuels until the fire is extinguished?

direct attack

in structuers equipped with standpipes, the _____ will determine the method of fire attack

location of standpipe

shutting down a buildings main sprinkler control valve should only be done once the:

fire is under control and the IC gives the order to so

when dealing with solar panels, the minimum distance to apply water when using an automatic nozzle should be ______

15 ft (5 meters)

which gas rises and diffuses in the open because it is lighter than air?

natural gas

at a vehicle incident, _______ guidelines should be used for protecting the scene from vehicles traffic

DOT

which class of extinghsiing agent would be used on burning metal if combustible metal components become involved in a vehicle fire?

class D

describe the effects of excessive steam production

reduces visibility

increases chances for steam burns

disrupt thermal layering

list 5 things that should be obersved and communicated as part of the situational awareness before and during structural fire attack

1. location and extent of fire

2. change in fire behavior, speeds, and growth

3. smoke color change

4. location of victims and occupants

5. wind direction and speed

what tools does the interior fire attack crew generally take with them?

radio

light

pike pole

TIC

forcible entry tools

explain how broken fuel lines and broken/ruptured fuel tanks can be controlled at a vehicular fire site

fuel lines: crimped with pliers or plugged with rubber, plastic, or wooden plugs

fuel tanks: plugged with rubber, plastic, or wooden plugs or sealed with fire resistant sealing compound

explain the basic procedure for attacking a fire in a vehicle

1. positon hoseline between burning vehicle and exposures

2. position for attack uphill of fire

3. attack at a 45 degree angle from side of vehicle

4. extinguish fire near vehicle occupants first

5. issue all clear to occupant in vehicle

6. extinguish ground or under vehicle fires

7. extinguish remaining fire