Chapter 1: Mathematics Review 

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Physics

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26 Terms

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exponent
a superscript which indicates the number of times a base number is multiplied by itself
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base number
the number on which exponentiation is being carried out
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scientific notation
a convenient way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small
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equation
an **equation** consists of an equal sign and quantities (represented by symbols) to its left and to its right
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quadratic equation
an equation in the form ax²+bx+c=0, where a, b and c are constants
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root
a solution to a quadratic equation
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simultaneous equation
independent equations that share unknowns which are solved together
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direct relationship
a relationship between two variables such that an increase in one causes an increase in the other by the same factor
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slope
the steepness of a line, measured by the ratio Δy/Δx
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inverse proportion
a relationship between two variables such that an increase in one causes a decrease in the other by the same factor
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inverse square proportion
a relationship between two quantities such that one quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the other
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common logarithm
common logarithm of a number is the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain that number
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natural logarithm
natural logarithm of a number is the power to which e must be raised to obtain that number
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area of rectangle
A=ab
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area of circle
A=πr²
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volume of cuboid
V=abc
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surface area of sphere
A=4πr²
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volume of sphere
V=4πr³
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volume of cylinder
V=πr²h
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similar triangles
triangles with equal corresponding angles and equal ratios of corresponding sides
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congruent
triangles that have the same size and shape
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right triangle
a triangle in which one angle is 90°
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radians
angles can be expressed in degrees or ______
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360**°**
the trigonometric functions, sin and cos are periodic with a period of __
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90**°**
the trigonometric functions, sin and cos are __ out of phase
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trig identity
an equality that involves trigonometric functions and are true for every value of the occurring variables for which both sides of the equality are defined