soc 100 exam 1 purdue

Thinking like a sociologist means

Comparing groups of people to one another

According to C. Wright Mills, what is the function of the sociological imagination

To connect our personal experiences with the larger forces of history

What is the ultimate basis for a social institution's continued existence over time

An ongoing narrative that links the past, the present, and the future

According to Auguste Comte, what is the job of the sociologist?

To develop a secular morality

Which description best sums up Du Bois's concept of *double consciousness* in the daily life of a Black American?

A Black American has to think not only about what he or she is doing, but also about how that behavior appears to onlookers

Durkheim used the word *anomie* to refer to a very specific condition. What is that condition?

A sense of disorientation, despair, and being at loose ends, due to a drastic change in circumstances

reasons why the question "Why go to college?" is an example of using the sociological imagination

\-It draws connections between an individual's decision to go to college and larger social forces

\-It questions a taken-for-granted practice for many Americans 

Identify the functions of college as a social institution.

\-As a brand for apparel and other products, it is part of the commercial marketplace

\-It segregates a portion of the population by age

\-It certifies what counts a legitimate knowledge

\-It provides a shared narrative for its alumni

Overgeneralization occurs when people conclude that what is true for some cases is true for all

true

Illogical reasoning involves a reluctance to change one's ideas in light of new information.

false

Through systematic sampling and measurement, social scientists can overcome selective and inaccurate observation.

true

Starting with a theory and then testing some of its implications is called deductive research. This is different than inductive research, where you start with data and then generate theory.

true

If there is a correlation between two variables A and B, it may be because A causes B, or because B causes A, but it cannot be both.

false

Each person in a sample group is recorded as being either a US citizen or a citizen of another country

quantitative

The number of people in a large gathering is recorded

quantitative

An observer takes notes on the nonverbal behavior of members of a focus group for car commercials 

qualitative

Each person at a gathering of academics is invited to talk about his or her political views

qualitative

A dog, having gotten a bite of chocolate cake off a counter, returns eagerly to the same spot two hours later

deductive reasoning

After seeing her dog eat chocolate and get sick, a child tells a playmate that chocolate is bad for dogs

inductive reasoning

A student studying the chemical contents of chocolate speculates that dark chocolate should make dogs sicker than milk chocolate

deductive reasoning

factors needed to establish causality between variables A and B

time order, correlation & elimination of alt. explanations

What is a common goal of qualitative and quantitative research?

To determine the causal relationship between social elements

What is the definition of a hypothesis for the purposes of social research?

A proposed relationship between two variables, usually with a stated direction

A researcher notices that her interview subjects speak more freely when she puts away her tape recorder, and sometimes contradict what they say when taped.

What aspect of sociological investigation does the researcher's realization illustrate?

Reflexivity

What is the definition of socialization?

The process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms, and learn to function as its members

As Erving Goffman describes it, what activity is saving face part of? This activity is the main goal of our social activities, according to dramaturgical social theory.

impression management

What is the central idea of ethnomethodology?

Violate social norms and observe how people act

On which side of the nature-versus-nurture debate do sociologists generally land?

They focus on nurture

examples of socialization

\-Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke.

\-A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table.

\-A child shows a parent how to use the latest social media app to connect with family and friends.

How much social mobility is there in the United States compared to most other industrialized nations?

Mobility is about the same in the United States as elsewhere

What is Max Weber's definition of social status based on?

the lifestyle one is seen as leading

Why are college completion rates not keeping up with the job market's demand for college graduates?

Higher numbers of college students are dropping out before graduation