Chapter 1 - 16 US HISTORY REVIEW

The Interstate Commerce Act

addressed unfair railroad practices by establishing the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate railroad rates and practices.

The Sherman Antitrust Act

(1890) aimed to curb monopolistic businesses, though its enforcement was often weak due to a lack of clear definitions of monopolistic practices.

To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden nightclubs known as

speakeasies

What were Fundamentalists and who were they?

Were conservatives religious movements, didn’t believe in things like evolution

fourteenth amendment

All persons born in the US or naturalized in US are citizens

13 Amendment

Prohibiting slavery

What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s?

new methods of steel making

The Interstate Commerce Act gave the right to supervise railroad activities to

the federal government

The Gentleman's Agreement limited the immigration of unskilled workers from Mexico.

True or False

Flase

Goal/ what was it of gentlemen agreement

agreement between two parties used to stop the inflow of Japanese immigrants for exchange for desegregating San Fransico public schools

The Pendleton Civil Service Act required

cities to provide services such as clean water to their residents.

The Watergate crisis

Iraq war

Suspected Saddam had weapons of mass destruction and supported terrorist groups responded to 9/11 attack, Saddam didn’t have any weapons and Baby Bush was crizited for it

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were charged with, and convicted of,

robbery and murder

 

Who wrote the novel The Grapes of Wrath about the grim lives of Oklahomans fleeing the Dust Bowl during the Depression?

Grant Wood

what major event started the spanish american war?

the USS maine blew up (in Havana Harbor)

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Compromise of 1877

President Election was very close so the Democrats and Republicans made a compromise. Republicans would win the election if they would agree to leave South.This ended Reconstruction and gave the South back to Sou

Carpetbagger

Corrupt Northerns who came to take advantage of South ruined Reconstruction

What was sharecropping?

A system common in Virginia after the war in which freedmen and poor white farmers rented land from a landowner by promising to pay the owner with a share of the crop

What were two measures taken to resolve some of the problems in Virginia after the Civil War?

Freedmen's Bureau and sharecropping

SALT

Treaty signed in 1972 between the U.S. and the USSR. This agreement limited the number of missiles in each nation and led to the SALT II discussions and a slowdown of the arms race between the two countries.

Camp David Accords

(1978) were negotiated at the presidential retreat of Camp David by Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel Menachem Begin; they were brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. They led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the Red Sea and Suez Canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries. This isolated Egypt from the other Arab countries and led to Sadat's assassination in 1981.

Arab Spring

A revolutionary wave of protests and demonstrations overtaking dictators in the Middle East

Korean War

A war, also called the Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

A Marxist party takes control in Afghanistan but religious leaders lead a rebellion against them because they were offended by their policies of reforming education and granting women rights. Soviet Union sends in an army to install a communist regime. The US, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan go and help the Afghan rebels.

Who threatened to lead a march against Washington DC because of racial discrimination during WWII?

A. Philip Randolph

blitzkrieg

German for lightning war; the swift attacks launched by Germany in World War II

D-day

June 6, 1944 Allies land on the beaches in Normandy, France and go on the offensive to drive Hitler's forces back into Germany

FDR's four freedoms

1. Freedom of speech and expression
2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom from want
4. Freedom from fear

Iron Curtain

Eastern Europe under Soviet control

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance?

African Americans undermined racism through their cultural attainments.

Which country's residents became citizens of the United States in 1917?

Puerto Rico

Panama Treaty Canal

Jimmy Carter signed a treaty to give the Panama canal to Panama by 2000, wanted to address the growing resentment Latin America countries were feeling

Détente

An easing of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China.
a process of managing relations with a potentially hostile country in order to preserve peace while maintaining our vital interests

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Group of oil-exporting nations that worked together to regulate the price and supply of oil.

Iran Hostage Crisis

The 444-day hostage crisis started when Iranian militants took U.S. embassy staff in Tehran, demanding the return of the exiled shah. Iran cut off oil exports, causing an energy shortage. The crisis ended on Ronald Reagan's inauguration day, damaging U.S.-Iran relations.

Iran Contra Affair

Major political scandal of Ronald Reagan's second term. An illicit arrangement of selling "arms for hostages" with Iran and using money to support the contras in Nicaragua, the scandal deeply damaged Reagan's credibility.

Election of 2000

The 2000 U.S. presidential election was between Republican George W. Bush, governor of Texas, and Democrat Al Gore, the Vice President. Bill Clinton, the current president, was stepping down after two terms. Bush won the election by a narrow margin, 271 to 266 electoral votes, with controversy over Florida's 25 electoral votes and a recount. Despite winning the electoral vote, Bush received fewer popular votes than Gore.

Globalization

International integration is the exchange of ideas, products, and cultures between countries. Increased imports and exports have connected the U.S. economy to the world, bringing in more products at lower prices, but also sending industrial jobs overseas.

Barack Obama

The 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama, took office in 2009. Before that, he served as a U.S. Senator from Illinois (2004-2008). Early in his presidency, he boosted government spending to tackle a major financial crisis and recession. In 2009, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his diplomatic efforts.

North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a trade deal initiated under the Bush administration and passed by a narrow vote during Clinton's early presidency. It created a free trade zone between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico, removing tariff barriers.

Persian Gulf War

After Iraq invaded Kuwait, the U.S. launched Operation Desert Storm to free Kuwait. In retaliation, Iraq set Kuwait's oil fields on fire to block U.S. access. The conflict led to the U.S. establishing military bases in Saudi Arabia.

Reagan Doctrine

The Reagan Administration's strategy during the Cold War focused on weakening Soviet influence by supporting anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This "rollback" policy aimed to challenge and reduce Soviet-backed governments around the world.

What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state. Land north of the southern border was free of slavery. Slave owners could pursue escaped slaves even if they went to a northern state.

What was the Bleeding Kansa

Bleeding Kansas refers to the time between 1854-58 when the Kansas territory was the site of much violence over whether the territory would be free or slave.

The first person to use the presidency as a “bully pulpit” was

Theodore Roosevelt, who utilized his position to advocate for progressive reforms and influence public opinion.

What did the United States use to overcome the threat of German U-boats?

groups of guarded ships

What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in the Roosevelt administration?

She was an important advisor on domestic policy.

Which of the following best describes Phyllis Schlafly’s role in the women’s movement of the 1960s?

She opposed the women's movement and fought to defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.

The Supreme Commander of U.S. forces in Europe during World War II was

Dwight D. Eisenhower

The use of standardized time and time zones was introduced in order to benefit

the railroad industry and improve scheduling and safety.

Gray Panthers

Created by Maggie Khun to fight against ageism, raising the retirement age, and end Vietnam war.

26 amendment

18-year-olds were being sent to Vietnam to fight a war but couldn’t vote till 21. Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional, and congress proposed 26 amendment lower the voting age to 18.

Roe v Wade

Landmark case where the Supreme Court ruled that abortion was legal to the first trimester (3 months) but was overturned by Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization claiming abortion isn’t talked about in the constitution.

First Landmark Supreme Court Case

Brown v. Board of Education establishing racial segregation overturning Plessy v. Ferguson

termination policy