Bio exam

What are the three main types of lipids?

Glycerides, Steroids, and Waxes.

What are glycerides and what is their primary storage form in animals?

Glycerides are esters of glycerol and fatty acids; triglycerides are their primary storage form of energy in animals.

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are simpler, lack membrane-bound organelles, and have a single, circular chromosome, while eukaryotic cells are more complex, have membrane-bound organelles, and multiple linear chromosomes.

What function does the plasma membrane serve in eukaryotic cells?

It surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

What is the fluid mosaic model?

It describes the plasma membrane as a fluid phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it.

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration; osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Describe the role of ribosomes in cells.

Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis and can be free-floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic environment?

Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

The cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase).