Ancient Greece

The best Ancient greece study guide u will get

What will you find on a political map?

Capitals, major cities, boarders.

Which map had only 3 continents?

Columbus (or martellus map)

What three continents were visible on the Columbus map?

Asia, Africa and Europe

What will you find on a physical map?

Mountains, rivers, bodies of water, and other physical features.

Which map was accused of being racist?

Mercator map

Why was the Mercator map accused of being racist?

Continents in the southern hemisphere were showed as smaller than they should have been.

What is a Nomad?

A person who moves around in search of food.

Which ancient Chinese dynasty used punishments and harsh laws to keep people in order?

Qin dynasty

What was Hammurabi's Code?

first set of written laws

What civilization developed next to the Tigre's and Euphrates rivers?

Mesopotamia

What three rivers aided the growth of ancient china?

Chang, yellow, xi

How do rivers help civilizations grow?

By flooding and watering crops

What is a domesticated animal?

An animal tamed by humans to help with labor provide food and materials

What is the name of Mesopotamian written language?

Cuneiform

What is the name of the Egyptian written language?

Hieroglyphics

Who made the argument that the Neolithic revolution was the biggest mistake

Jared diamond

What river helped ancient Egypt develop?

The Nile

Why did ancient Egyptians mummify their dead?

It was to help the dead find their way to the after life

What is specilization? When did it happen?

Division of labor especially between men and woman during the Neolithic era.

Name 3 characteristics of humans in the Paleolithic era

Small family groups few belongings and temporary homes

What advancement helped keep the indus river valley clean and free of excrement?

Sewar systems

Name 5 advancements that helped river valley civilizations develop

Sewers, bricks, manipulation of fire, wells, fashion, gov, religion, walls etc

What geographic feature seperated the Chinese from the IRV?

Himalaya mountains

Why were mesopotania and Egypt more war like than the IRV?

IRV was more isolated and though they were alone so there was no need for fighting

In Mesopotamia what would happen to a man who was convicted of incest?

He would be exiled

How much was a slave worth in Mesopotamia?

More then a goat but less than a cow

Why was the Neolithic revolution such a big change from the Paleolithic era

People settled down and began farming instead of moving around in search of food.

Which civilization is credited with the creation of umbrellas gun powder and the wheelbarrow?

Ancient china

How long ago where the ancient river valley civilizations created?

4000 to 6000 years ago

What modern day nations make up th IRV?

India and Pakistan

What modern day nations make up Mesopotamia

Iran Iraq Saudi Arabia Syria Israel Palestine

What rivers helped Mesopotamia grow?

The Euphrates river and the Tigres river

What is a nomad?

A person who moves from place to place in search of food

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

a time when humans turned from hunting and gathering to farming and they settled down.

What allowed civilizations to develop?

An abundance in food

What social class pyramid placed pharaohs and vizors at the top?

Egypt

Which civilization gave woman the most equal rights?

Egypt

Why did the Trojan War start?

Aphrodite promised Paris (prince of Troy) the most beautiful woman in the world. He took Helen (the Greek king's wife!). ..... and war began.

Who was the historian of the Trojan war?

Homer

Who was Paris of Troy?

Paris was the prince of Troy and "stole" Hellen of Sparta from her husband which started the Trojan war.

What was the Trojan Horse?

The Trojan Horse was an enormous wooden horse, designed by Odysseus, that secretly housed Greek soldiers, enabling them to enter into the walled city of Troy and defeat the Trojans.

Who was Socrates?

Socrates was considered "the father of philosophy" because he was the first philosopher. He got arrested for corrupting the youth and was sentenced to death by hemlock poison suicide

What was Socrates teachings?

He taught:

Democracy is dumb

Ignorance is the root of evil

Daimonion- inner voice

Who was Plato?

A Student of Socrates who created the Academy. He had wealthy parents and used thier money to create the academy

What were Plato's teachings?

Democracy is bad

Ignorance is root of evil

Philosopher kings should rule

You have to see things to believe them

Who was Aristotle?

Greek philosopher and student of Plato. When Plato does not give him The Academy because he is not Athenian, he opens up the Lyceum.

What was Aristotles teachings?

Uses science and philosophy

A balance between body and mind

The golden mean

Rhetoric triangle

Zeus

King of the gods, god of the sky.

Hera

Queen of the gods

Goddess of marriage

Wife of Zeus

Hades

God of the underworld

Brother of Zeus and Poseidon

Poseidon

God of the sea

Brother of Zeus and hades

Demeter

goddess of the harvest

Mother of persephone

Hestia

Goddess of hearth and home

Apollo

god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine

Artemis

goddess of the hunt and the moon

Aphrodite

Goddess of love and beauty

Hephestus

God of fire

Ares

God of war

Hermes

Messenger of the gods

Athena

Goddess of wisdom

Dionysus

God of wine and fertility

Athens vs Sparta: government

Athens: Democracy (three branches)

Sparta: Oligarchy ( small group of rulers, 2 kings and 28 council members rule Sparta)

Sparta vs. Athens: treatment of slaves

Athens: slaves we're treated very well sometimes looked upon like one of the family

Sparta: helots had a lover status in Sparta than any other citiy state. They could be killed for no reason the were beaten once a year.

Athens vs. Sparta: society

Athens: values education and government

Sparta: values honor and war

Athens vs. Sparta: treatment of woman

Athens: woman stayed almost entirely indoors

Sparta: woman had to train to have strong babies

Athens vs. Sparta: social classes

Sparta:

helots (slaves)

Perioeci (workers)

The equals ( highest class)

Athens:

Slaves: No rights, laborers.

Metics & Women: Limited rights, could work.

Citizens: Full rights, male only.

Hoplite

Greek soldier

Dura

Spear

Type of helmet of Greeks

Corinthian

Aspis

Greek shield

Greaves

a piece of armor used to protect the shin

xiphor

Short sword

Phalanx formation

soldiers fight in formation

Who was Persia

Persia wanted to take control of the world and needed to get though Greece first

Herodotus

Father of history?

Battle of Marathon

Greek victory over the Persian army that ended the First Persian War. Greeks won bc of phalanx formation

Battle of Thermopylae

Battle during the Persian wars in which Spartan troops fought to the death against a much larger Persian force

Battle of salamis

Greek victory over the Persian navy. They tricked the Persians into thinking they were surrendering and then trapped them and faught them.

King Darius

king of Persia who tried to invade Greece but was defeated and died of humiliation

King Xerxes

The son of King Darius who became king of Persia after his father's death; organized a second attack on Greece.

Leonidas of Sparta

king of Sparta killed at Thermopylae with 300 men

Artemisia

Persian navy leader. She saved her ship by tricking the Greeks in the battle of salamis

Themistocles

A Greek military leader who convinced the Athenians to build a navy. This helped Athens win a major battle against Persia, the Battle of Salamis. He tricked Persia into thinking they surrendered so that he could win.

Why did the Peloponnesian War start?

Sparta was worried about Athens because it was flourishing and expanding its territories.

It was jelious that Athens was in charge of Delian league

Sparta canceled their asking for help from Athens

Thucydides

Historian for peloponnesion war

Delian League

Athenian led league ment to prepare for future battles

Purpose of long Athenian walls

So that Spartans could not get through bc Spartans woul beat Athenians on land.

Battle of Aegospotami

Final battle of the Great Peloponnesian War. Sparta destroys the last Athenian fleet in a decisive victory. Athens never recovers. They abolish democracy and make Greece an oligarchic government

Oligarchic Government

government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role.

Effects of the peloponnisian war

The Delian league was ended

Democracy was abolished

Installed an oligarchic government of Thirty Tyrants.

Macedonia

Macedonia took over Greece after it was severely weekend by lots of wars