ancient greece test

characteristics of athens

characteristics of athens

• Direct democracy

• No rights for women

• Strong navy

characteristics of sparta

• monarchy

• women could own land & had freedom

• strong army

cause of the persian war

Darius I began it to subdue rebellious Greek city-states

effects of the persian war

• athenians were powerful

• delian league created

• golden age of athens starts

persian war - marathon

athenians defeat persians, despite being outnumbered

persian war - thermopylae

• small spartan group are defeated by persians

• persians have more presence on Greek land

persian war - salamis

• greeks lured persians in & destroyed their ships

• major greek victory

persian war - plataea

Greeks massive hoplight army forces persians out of Greece

order from what occured first to last-

thermopylae, plataea, marathon, salamis

marathon, thermoplyae, salamis, plataea

Aeschylus

• drama

• Considered the first of Athen’s dramatists

Sophocles

• drama

• Often performed in public

homer

• poetry

• wrote the Iliad & Odyssey

aristotle

• philosopher

• Came up with different ideas surrounding logic and reason

Pythagoras

• math

• Theorem for right angle:

  a2 + b2 = c2

euclid

• Geometry

• Wrote ‘The Elements’ textbook that became the basis for modern Geometry

Herodotus

• History

• Tried to write in an unbiased manner, but writing reflected Greek view

Thucydides

• History

• wrote about the Peloponnesian War (and other battles)

Hippocrates

• science

• Described diseases & treatments

Archimedes

• science

• Came up with first accurate calculation for ‘pi’

Plato

• philosophy

• The ‘allegory of the cave’

Socrates

• Philosopher

• The ‘Socratic Method’

Peloponnesian war - sparta’s advantages

well-trained army

Peloponnesian war - athen’s advantages

• Well-developed navy

• Better finances from Golden Age of Athens & allies

Peloponnesian war - sparta’s disadvantages

Athenians could interfere with their sea trade routes

Peloponnesian war - athen’s disadvantages

Plague struck in 430 BCE killed Pericles & other great warriors

peloponnesian war - sparta’s allies

Peloponnese League (central land city-states)

peloponnesian war - athen’s allies

Delian League (coastal city-states around Aegean Sea)

peloponnesian war - sparta’s key victories

• Win battle of Argos

peloponnesian war - athen’s key victories

• Won victories at sea

• lesbos

effects of peloponnesian war - sparta

• Won the war

• Weak from fighting

effects of peloponnesian war - athens

• Lost the war

• culture takes a hit

minoans

• made Frescoes showing scenes of their life and religion

• Lived on the island of Crete & traded in Mediterranean region

mycenaens

• sea traders who absorbed ideas from Egypt & Mesopotamia

• 1st greek-speaking group to leave written records

dorians

• attacked myceneans from the north

• Inventors of iron slashing sword

study greece geography!

How did geography impact ancient Greece?

• mountains caused Greece never to unite as one gov’t & limited contact between people

• abundance of water increased trade & caused people to make a living off of the sea (fishing, trade, etc.)

order from earliest to most recent: Minoans, dorians, Mycenaeans

Minoans, Mycenaeans, dorians