ancient greece test

characteristics of athens

* Direct democracy
* No rights for women
* Strong navy

characteristics of sparta

* monarchy
* women could own land & had freedom
* strong army

cause of the persian war

Darius I began it to subdue rebellious Greek city-states

effects of the persian war

* athenians were powerful
* delian league created
* golden age of athens starts

persian war - __**marathon**__

athenians defeat persians, despite being outnumbered

persian war - __**thermopylae**__

* small spartan group are defeated by persians
* persians have more presence on Greek land

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persian war - __**salamis**__

* greeks lured persians in & destroyed their ships
* major greek victory

persian war - __**plataea**__

Greeks massive hoplight army forces persians out of Greece

__order from what occured first to last-__

thermopylae, plataea, marathon, salamis

marathon, thermoplyae, salamis, plataea

Aeschylus

* drama
* Considered the first of Athen’s dramatists

Sophocles

* drama
* Often performed in public

homer

* poetry
* wrote the Iliad & Odyssey

aristotle

* philosopher
* Came up with different ideas surrounding logic and reason

Pythagoras

* math
* Theorem for right angle:

a2 + b2 = c2

euclid

* Geometry
* Wrote ‘The Elements’ textbook that became the basis for modern Geometry

Herodotus

* History
* Tried to write in an unbiased manner, but writing reflected Greek view

Thucydides

* History
* wrote about the Peloponnesian War (and other battles)

Hippocrates

* science
* Described diseases & treatments

Archimedes

* science
* Came up with first accurate calculation for ‘pi’

Plato

* philosophy
* The ‘allegory of the cave’

Socrates

* Philosopher
* The ‘Socratic Method’

Peloponnesian war - sparta’s advantages

well-trained army

Peloponnesian war - athen’s advantages

* Well-developed navy
* Better __finances__ from Golden Age of Athens & allies

Peloponnesian war - sparta’s disadvantages

Athenians could interfere with their sea __trade routes__

Peloponnesian war - athen’s disadvantages

**Plague struck in 430 BCE** killed Pericles & other great warriors

peloponnesian war - sparta’s allies

**Peloponnese League** (central __land__ city-states)

peloponnesian war - athen’s allies

**Delian League** (__coastal__ city-states around Aegean Sea)

peloponnesian war - sparta’s key victories

* Win battle of __Argos__

peloponnesian war - athen’s key victories

* Won victories at sea
* lesbos

effects of peloponnesian war - sparta

* **Won** the war
* Weak from fighting

effects of peloponnesian war - athens

* **Lost** the war
* culture takes a hit

minoans

* made __Frescoes__ showing scenes of their life and religion
* Lived on the island of __Crete__ & traded in __Mediterranean region__

mycenaens

* sea traders who absorbed ideas from Egypt & Mesopotamia


* 1st greek-speaking group to leave written records

dorians

* attacked myceneans from the north
* Inventors of iron slashing sword

study greece geography!

How did geography impact ancient Greece?

* mountains caused Greece never to unite as one gov’t & limited contact between people


* abundance of __water increased trade__ & caused people to make a living off of the sea (fishing, trade, etc.)

order from earliest to most recent: Minoans, dorians, Mycenaeans

Minoans, Mycenaeans, dorians