Physical Science Semester 2 Review (copy)

Supernova

Explosion of a big star

What is the fastes type of seismic wave

P-waves (5 km/s)

How does a wheel and axle make work easier

reduces the friction

Example of electromagnetic energy

Radio waves

What does the law of the conservation of energy state

Energy cannot be destroyed or created

What is the equation for force

F=Ma

What is velocity and how is it different from speed

Velocity is speed with direction

What is a refrence point

An object that isnt moving

What two factors affect an objects speed

Distance and time

When graphed what measurment is slope of any distance time graph equal to

Velocity

Equation for velocity

V=d/t

Defintion for accelration

Rate at which veloctiy changes

What is negative accerlation

Decreasing change in speed

What two facts affect accelration

time and veloctiy

When graphed what measurement is the slope of any velocity time graph equal to

accelration

what does a postive accelration slope mean

Every second our speed is increasing

what is the symbol for accelration

a

equation for velocity

A=Vf-Vi/time

Unit for accleration

m/s/s

What is the definition of a force

Push or pull of an object

What does anf F→ mean

Forward force

What does F

Friction

What does W or Fw mean

Weight

What does a balanced force mean

No movement

What does an unbalanced force mean

There is Movement

What is Newtons first law

An object at rest stays at rest an object in motion stays in motion

What is Newtons second law

Force equals mass times accelration

What is Newtons third law

There is an equal reaction to every action

What is inertia

Resistance to change movement (Lazy)

In what direction does friction react?

Friction always acts opposite to the motion

What is gravity

a force by which a planet or other body draws towards an object

What is weight

Weight is the measure of force

What is mass

Mass is the quantity of matter

In what direction does weight act

Downwards

What acceleration is given to the force of gravity

9\.8m/s/s

What unit is force measured in

Newtons

What is the symbol for force

F

What is the equation for weight

W=Mg

What is momentum

Quantity of motion

What is a real life example using momentum

Snowball rolling down a hill

What is the symbol for momentum

P

What are the equations for momentum?

P=mv

What unit is momentum measured in?

kgm/s

What is the definition of work

Move some distance in the direction of force

What two facts are used to calculate work

Force and distance

What is the symbol for work

W

What is the equation for work

W=Fd

What unit is work measured in

Joules

What is energy

Ablility to do work

What is kinteic energy

Energy of an object in motion

What is the symbol for kinteic energy

KE

What unit is kinetic energy measured in?

Joules

What is potential energy

Energy of position

What is the equation for potential energy

PE=mgh or PE=wh

What is the symbol for potential energy

PE

What unit is potential energy measured in

Joules

Example of Mechanical energy

Hammering a nail

Example of thermal energy

warmth from the sun

Example of chemical energy

burning a fire

Example of electrical energy

Flashlights

Example of electromagnetic energy

microwaves

Example of nuclear energy

Electricity

What is power

Rate of doing work

What unit is power measured in

Watts

What is the symbol for power

P

What is the equation for power

P=W/t

What are three ways a machine makes work easier

Increases the force, increases the distance, changes the direction of the force

How does a pulley make a machine easier

Increases the force

How does a wedge make work easier

Increases the force applied to an object

How does a screw make work easier

Decreases the amount of force but increases distance

How does a lever make work easier

increases the force

How does an incline plane make work easier

reduces force but increases the direction

What is the purpose for calculating MA?

 allows humans to perform tasks much easier in terms of the force they need to apply

What is the equation for MA?

MA= output f/ input force

What is the symbol for MA?

MA

Units of MA

No units

If MA>1 then…

Force is multiplied

If MA=1 then…

Machine only changes direction

If MA

Distance is multiplied

What are three families of rocks?

igneous, sedimentary, metaforphic

Approximately how fast do plates more?

3-5 cm per year

Do all plates move at the same speed all the time?

No

What are five pieces of evidence for the theory of plate tectonics?

Sea floor spearding, Age of sea floor, ocean trenches, mantle convection

What are the four layers of the Earth?

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Which Earth layer is solid? Which layer is liquid?

Outer core is liquid, inner core is solid

Divergent, Convergent, Transform

What are main types of plate boundaries

Volcanoes

Where are divergent plates found

Mountains

Where are convergent plates found?

Earthquakes

Where are transform plates found?

Faster moving stream since it has more kinetic energy

Will fast moving stream or a slow moving stream be able to carry larger particles

How is the hardness of a mineral estimated

Resistance to scratching and using Mohs scale

In which family of rocks are fossils most likely to be found

Sedimentary rocks

The most abundant element in the earths crust is

Oxygen

What can S-waves pass through?

liquid

What can P-waves pass through?

Solids

How are tsunamis and tidal waves different

Tidal waves- Shallow water by gravitonal pull

Tsunamis- Ocean wave triggered by large earthquakes

What are 3 waves produced by an earthquake?

P, S, and Surface waves

What is the slip-stick motion and what does it cause

Jerking motion that occurs while 2 objects slide past each other

The zone of the surface of the earth where an earthquake originates is called the…

Focus

The zone of the surface of the earth where rocks rupture or break due to an earthquake is called the…

Fault