________ is the study of organisms at can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.
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Chemoorganotrophs
________ " (chemical- carbon- feeders) "oxidize organic molecules with high potential energy, such as sugars.
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Chemolithotrophs
________ " (chemical- rock- feeders) "oxidize inorganic molecules with high potential energy, such as ammonia (NH3) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
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Biofilms
________ are dense bacterial colonies enmeshed in a polysaccharide- rich matrix that helps shield the bacteria from antibiotics.
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Cyanobacteria
________ is a lineage of photosynthetic bacteria.
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cellular respiration
During ________ in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, enzymes strip electrons from organic molecules that have high potential energy and then transfer these high- energy electrons to the electron carriers NADH and FADH2.
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Transduction
________- when viruses pick up DNA from one prokaryotic cell and transfer it to another cell.
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Antibiotics
________ are molecules that kill bacteria or stop them from growing.
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Conjugation
________- when genetic information is transferred by direct cell- to cell contact.
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Phototrophs
________ " (light- feeders) "use light energy to excite electrons.
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Endospores
________ are tough, thick- walled, dormant structures formed during times of environmental stress, often in response to a lack of nutrients.
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Enrichment cultures
________ are based on establishing a specified set of growing conditions like temperature, lighting, substrate, types of available food, and so on.
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Bacteria
________ or archaea that live in high- salt, high- temperature, low temperature, or high- pressure habitats are extremophiles.
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Transformation
________- when bacteria or archaea naturally take up DNA from the environment that has been released by cell lysis or secreted.
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Metagenomics
________ is being used to catalog all the genes present in a mixed community of prokaryotes.
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molecular level
At the ________, most cells that are Gram- positive have a plasma membrane surrounded by a cell wall with extensive peptidoglycan.
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Archaea
Members of the Bacteria and the ________ are remarkably diverse in their overall size, shape, and motility as well as in the composition of their cell walls and plasma membranes.
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Autotrophs （ self feeders
________ "） synthesize their own compounds from simple starting materials such as C02 and methane (CH4)
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Direct sequencing
________ is a technique based on isolating and sequencing a specific gene from organisms found in a particular habitat.
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Heterotrophs （ other feeders
________ "） absorb ready- to- use organic compounds- called building- block compounds- produced by other organisms in their environment.
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germ theory of disease
The ________ states that infectious diseases are caused by specific microbes in the body.
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Conjugation
________ can also result in genetic recombination.
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Bacteria
________ that cause disease are said to be pathogens " (disease- producers)
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Through this process, prokaryotes can acquire diverse traits-such as an biotic resistance
that would otherwise not be available when cells divide by binary fission
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Instead of using molecules as a source of high-energy electrons, phototrophs pursue a radically different strategy
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