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What study investigated short-term memory duration using consonant syllables?
The study by Peterson and Peterson.
How many participants were involved in the Peterson and Peterson study?
24 participants.
What task were participants asked to perform in the Peterson and Peterson study?
Remember a 3-digit number while counting down by threes.
What effect does time have on retention in short-term memory according to Peterson and Peterson?
After 3 seconds, retention is 80%; after 18 seconds, retention drops to 3%.
What is Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
A type of memory that may last for a lifetime.
Who conducted the research on long-term memory duration?
Bahrick et al.
How many participants were included in Bahrick et al.'s study?
392 American participants.
What was the age range of participants in Bahrick et al.'s study?
17 to 74 years.
What methods did Bahrick et al. use to test long-term memory?
Free recall and photo recognition of high school yearbooks.
How many photos were used in Bahrick et al.'s photo recognition test?
50 photos.
What percentage of participants could recognize photos after 15 years according to Bahrick et al.?
90% of participants.
What percentage of participants could recognize photos after 48 years according to Bahrick et al.?
70% of participants.
In terms of free recall, what percentage could recall information after 15 years?
60%.
In terms of free recall, what percentage could recall information after 48 years?
30%.
What does Bahrick et al.'s study suggest about long-term memory?
It may last up to a lifetime.
What does the Peterson and Peterson experiment reveal about short-term memory?
It highlights the rapid decay of information without rehearsal.
What is the significance of the 3-second and 18-second intervals in the Peterson study?
These intervals show how memory retention decreases significantly with time.
How can studying Bahrick et al.'s findings be considered valuable for education?
It emphasizes the importance of retrieval practices to enhance long-term retention.
What cognitive psychology concept does the Peterson and Peterson study relate to?
The concept of short-term memory duration.
What is an implication of Bahrick et al.'s findings for life-long learning?
That memories may endure but require regular retrieval to maintain accessibility.
