ap human geo unit 4: political geography

studied byStudied by 2 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 73

74 Terms

1

state

basic organization of a group of people in defined borders. aka countries

New cards
2

gaining statehood (5 things)

-defined borders

-permanent population

-functional government

*effectively gain independence

*other countries view as independent

New cards
3

things to help recognize a country

embassy, join the UN, and trade

New cards
4

sovereignty

complete control of decision making without outside interference

New cards
5

territory

area of land under jurisdiction of a state, but hasn’t gained the full rights of being part of a state

New cards
6

territorial integrity

a government has the right to keep borders+territories intact and free from attack

New cards
7

territoriality

countries sense of property and attachment toward its territory. assert control over the geographical area

New cards
8

neo-colonialism

the practice of using economical control/political influence by a MDC to indirectly control a LDC

New cards
9

origin of a “modern” state

influenced by Europe(the hearth)

New cards
10

political state

territory defines society

New cards
11

nation

groupof people in given geographical area with common culture/heritage. people define, not borders

New cards
12

nation state

most ethnically homogeneous state with a sovereign government with clearly defined border

-often nations will push for independence, which shows difference between nationality

New cards
13

example of nation-state: Basque region

  • in northern spain and sw france

  • has own unique heritage/culture that’s not French or spanish

New cards
14

multinational state

a state with many natons within. eg: usa and canada

New cards
15

multi-state nation

a single nation that spreads across many states. eg: arabs

New cards
16

stateless nation

nation that doesnt have a state to call home. not dominant in any state. eg: kurds

New cards
17

centriputal

force that unites. eg:religion, political party, education

New cards
18

centrifugal

force that divides. eg: race, class, war

New cards
19

boundary

goes up in the air and below surface

New cards
20

4 steps to establish a boundary

  1. define: legally using longitude/latitude in legal documents

  2. delimit: write/draw out on a map

  3. demarcate: mark boundary(fence, wall, post)

  4. administrate: determine how people and goods will get across

New cards
21

geometric boundary

use of longitude and latitude

New cards
22

natural/physical boundary

use of physical features(rivers, lakes, mountains). however a limitation is that features can move

New cards
23

antecedent boundary

drawn before area is poulated

New cards
24

subsequent boundary

drawn after cultural landscape has been developed. eg: jerusalem

New cards
25

relic boundary

no longer exists but left a cultural impact. eg: berlin wall

New cards
26

super imposed boundary

boundaries forces on a country by conquering/colonizing power. eg: all of africa (berlin conference)

New cards
27

definitional boundary dispute

problems with the legal language used to define property

New cards
28

locational boundary dispute

argue over the demarcation

New cards
29

operational boundary dispute

neighbors disagree on how border should function

New cards
30

allocational boundary dispute

over natural resources

New cards
31

exclave

region of a country that’s separated from the main part. eg alaska

New cards
32

enclave

state completely surrounded by another state

New cards
33

law of the seas (UNCLOS)

ocean/sea/water laws

New cards
34

UNCLOS zone 1: territorial sea

up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty; commercial vessels may pass, but non-commercial vessels may be challenged

New cards
35

UNCLOS zone 2: contiguous zone

limited sovereignty up to 24 nautical miles- can enforce laws on customs, taxes, immigration and pollution.

New cards
36

UNCLOS zone 3: exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

can explore, extract minerals, and manage up to 200 nautical miles (230 miles)

exception- if your continental shelf is beyond the limit than can petition for up to 350 nautical miles

New cards
37

UNCLOS zone 4: high seas

beyond the EEZ is open to all states

New cards
38

median line principle

if zones overlap, most common is just to divide in half

New cards
39

federal gov

  • 2 levels of gov(central+state)

  • political powers shared(by 2 levels of gov)

    • 2 diff types of law (central+state)

New cards
40

unitary gov

  • 1 level of gov(central)

  • political power held by only central gov

    • only 1 set of law(uniform) for whole state

New cards
41

pros of federal gov

fits needs of people in different places

New cards
42

cons of federal

diff laws in diff places, harder to keep track/in order

New cards
43

pros of unitary

everyone has the same laws/rule

New cards
44

cons of unitary

minority groups feel as is if they have little to no voice

New cards
45

semi-autonomous

some independence

New cards
46

autonomous

full independence

New cards
47

compact state shape

small, more unified

New cards
48

fragmented state shape

scattered all over; divider because not well connected to each other

New cards
49

perforated state shape

completely surrounds another state

New cards
50

elongated state shape

long and narrow; divider bc hard to unite when far apart

New cards
51

prorupted state shae

long part that sticks out; divider bc harder to unite long part to main part

New cards
52

land locked state shape

no access to water

New cards
53

devolution

movement of power from central to regional gov. can lead to autonomous, semi-autonomous, or even a new state

New cards
54

type of devolution: ethnocultural

region in country that sees theirself as diff from the rest of the country. eg: Scotland and native groups in the us

New cards
55

type of devolution: economic

region/province that’s richer than the rest of the country. doesn’t wanna pay for everyone else

eg: catalonia

New cards
56

type of devolution: spatial

far away/separated from the rest of the country. eg: hawaii

New cards
57

balkanization

when devolution leads to a new country

New cards
58

irredentism

demand places back because culturally/historically connected to your country. eg: Russia wants crimea

New cards
59

shatterbelt

region has instability bc its in-between 2 feuding countries

New cards
60

gerrymandering

redistricting for the advantage of your party

New cards
61

packing

pack most of the opposing party into few districts so that your party has more districts

New cards
62

cracking

breaking up districts so that the opposing party isn’t in the majority

New cards
63

geopolitics

looks at who in the world has all the power

New cards
64

territoriality

how do countries exert power to protect their borders

New cards
65

impact of resources

resources give you power

New cards
66

regional conflicts

how does your location and access to things give you power

New cards
67

world systems theory: 3 tier system

top exploits middle and bottom.

middle exploits bottoms

bottom is exploited by everyone

New cards
68

world systems theory: core

the top: stage 4+5, MDC, everyone works for them, makes lots of money. eg: US

New cards
69

core proccesses

use advanced tech:computers, machines, robots.

New cards
70

semi-periphary

middle, tech+labor, exploited by top, and exploits bottom

New cards
71

periphery process

stage 2, LDC, most in sub-saharan africa, manual labor/by hand, works for every core country

New cards
72

supranational organization

an organization of 3 or more states whose goal is economic stability and growth, as well as political unity.

eg: EU, Africian Union, OPEC

New cards
73

pros of supranational organizations

  • more powerful as a group rather than individual

  • migration+trade moves freely across border

    • common policies

New cards
74

cons of supranational

  • give up some sovereignty for the greater good for the organization

  • common policies (doesn’t align w/ beliefs or doesn’t favor certain places)

  • membership dues

  • wealthy countries have to support poorer countries

New cards
robot