Literary Theory, Marxism, New Criticism, Feminist Criticsim, Queer Criticism

The death of the author

not involving the authors personal life in the analysis of his work

(Literary/critical) theory

Interdisciplinary

Analytical & speculative

Critique of common sense

Reflexive

(Glasses)

literary criticism

Tool for uncovering deeper social, psychological and ideological meaning (putting glasses on)

Reading with the grain

Getting the message actually intended (obvious parts) or nearly forced onto reader

Reading against the grain

uncovering hidden meanings (author not necessarily aware of putting them there)

intentional fallacy

Including author

Affective fallacy

including reader

Heresay of paraphrase

changing one line means changing the whole text

Literary language

Wants to create an aesthetic experience (systematically & planned)

The text itself

Only source for interpretation

Close reading

Searching for evidence of interpretation in the text

What makes a text great

Universal value

Organic unity

Formalism

Concrete universals

Formalism

Connecting form and meaning

Organic unity

Complexity (paradoxes, ambiguity) and order

Concrete universals

Images that are meaningful in reality and symbolic sphere (e.g. Gatsby‘s Green Light)

Topic vs theme

general (whats it about) vs. Concrete Direction

Objective Criticism

only the text as source (other fallacies out the way)

Names New Criticism

Cleanth Brooks, John Crowe Ransom

Economics as base and culture as superstructure

Economy always shapes our actions in society

Socioeconomic classes

Underclass

Lower class

Middle class

Upper class

Aristocracy

Historical materialism

History is tied to the economy and always inspired by materialism

Aspects american dream

Competition, rugged individualism, consumerism, commodification, false consciousness

Aspects repressive ideology

Classicism, patriotism, religion

Use value

What use do i get out of this capital

Exchange value

Monetary value

Sign value

Statussymbole

Conspicuous Consumption

Showing i can afford it

Marxist authors

Karl Marx, Georg Lukcas

Phallogocentric thinking

Male as norm, not accepting others, male POV

Misogyny

hating women

Gynophobia

Fear of women

1st wave of feminism

1840-1920

Right to vote

2nd wave of feminism

1960-1980

Equality at work and home

3rd wave of feminism

1990-2000

Intersectional (race), harassment

4th wave of feminism

2010- present

sex/bidy positivity, LGBTQIA+

Feminism names authors

Simone de Beauvoir, Gloria Anzaldúa

Simone de Beauvoir

Woman as other

Christine Delphy

marriage as labour contract

Colette Guillaumin

sexage: reduction of women to material objects

Hélène Cixous

Écriture feminine: stylistic writing without patriarchal terms

Lucy Irigaray

Woman speak: talking in non-phallogocentric way

Julia Kristeva

Semiotic and symbolic dimesnions of language

Heterocentrism

assuming everyone is hetero

Ciscentrism

assuming everyone is cis

Heteronormativity

Hetero as norm → pressure to be straight

Cisnormativity

Pressure to have gender match sex

Heteropatriarchy

Oppression of non heterosexuals

Heterosexism

Hetero seen as superior

Monosexism

Discrimination against more than one gender pov

Cissexism

Discrimination against non cis

Homophobia/Lesbophobia/Transphobia/Biphobia

Fear that turns into aversion or hate

Woman-identified woman (Adrienne Rich)

Putting all of her energy/time/emotions towards women (emotional feminist), not having men in life

Lesbian continuum (Audre Lorde)

Continuous stream of development one can join according to own situation, fluid process

Object choice

Choosing my object of desire automatically labels me as either hetero or homo → should be more diverse

Names Gay criticism

George Chancy, Gregory Woods