Bio 30 Unit Test Review #1 - Homeostatis and Anatomical Structures

First biology test

Inorganic

Chemicals are simple molecules ( one or more element other than carbon )

Examples: Water, Oxygen, Co2 (Exception), and minerals such as iron, calcium, sodium

Organic

Chemicals are very complex & always contain carbon & hydrogen.

Example: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids

Epithelial Tissue

Covers or lines body surfaces, some capable of producing secretions with specific functions. Examples: Sweat glands, outer layer of skin

Connective Tissue

Connects/Supports parts of the body, transports or stores minerals.

Examples: Blood, bone, and adipose tissue ( fat )

Muscular Tissue

Specialized for contraction ( the process of becoming smaller ), brings movement.

Nervous Tissue

Specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions. Examples: Brain & Optic Nerves

Cranial Cavity

Encases the brain.

Thoracic Cavity

Upper compartment contains the heart, the esophagus, and organs of the respiratory system. ( lungs, trachea, and bronchi )

Abdominal Cavity

Lower compartment contains organs of the digestive, reproductive, and excretory systems.

Superior

Body part is high/above.

Inferior

Body part is lower/below.

Anterior

towards the front

Ventral

Anterior

Posterior

Towards the back

Dorsal

Posterior

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment

Cortex

Outer layer of an organ

Superficial

Situated near the surface

Peripheral

Superficial

Deep

Parts that are more internal

Proximal

Closer from the point of attachment

Medial

Towards the middle

Lateral

Towards the side

Medulla

Inner portion of an organ

Homeostatis

Reflects the ability of the body to maintain relative stability and function normally despite common change. Example: Body Temperature

Positive Feedback

Brings about an ever greater change in the same direction until it finishes. (Unstable)

Example: A fever making changes to spike fever higher.

Negative Feedback

Keep conditions at a particular level in the body. Primacy homeostasis. (Stable)

Example: Pancreas producing insulin for cells to take up glucose.

Levels of organization

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organism

Environmental factors needed for life

Water, Food, Oxygen, Heart, Pressure

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Involuntary, functions in movement of substances, spindle-shaped fibers.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Involuntary, functions in pumping of blood, branching stricted fibers.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Voluntary, functions in voluntary movement of bones, Tubular stricted fibers