Nanoparticles

nanoparticles

particles 1-100nm in size that deliver drugs to specific locations in the body

hydrophobic drugs, concentration

nanoparticles can encapsulate or complex with … increasing solubility aloowing them to reach targets in higher …

enzymatic degradation

nanoparticles can sheild drugs from … ensuring they reach the target in active form

better absorption

the small size of nanoparticles allows for … across biological barriers enchancing drug delivery

environmental changes

nanoparticles provide protection from … such as PH during formulation or physiological exposure

longer circulation

nanoparticles have a … in the blood compared to free drugs allowing for more time to reach target and provide effects

sustained release, targeted delivery, reducing off target effects, reduce immune recognition

nanoparticles reduce toxicity through: …:reducing frequency of dosing, …: bind to specific receptors to enhance precision …: related unwanted affects, …: immune system

organic nanoparticles

formed from carbon based molecules or polymers such as lipids, polymers, and biopolymers

inorganic nanoparticles

formed from non-carbon-based materials such as metals and metal oxides

hard nanoparticles

form that is generally more rigid and less deformable that has a lower payload but more resiliant

soft nanoparticles

form that is more flexiable and deformiable but less resiliant

first generation

type of lipid-based nanoparticles that are pure lipid approaches, Ex. liposomes

second generation

type of lipid-based nanoparticles that are a combination of polymers on the lipid surface coating the nanoparticles that increases circulation lifetime by avoiding macrophages

third generation

type of lipid-based nanoparticles that are active and passive targeting of the nanoparticle surface in different ways

liposomes

spherical vesicles composed of synthetic or natural phospholipids that self-assemble in aqueous solutions (hydrophilic and phobic drugs)

glycerophospholipids

amphiphilic lipids composed of a glycerol, phosphate, 2 FA that is another main component of liposomes besides phospholipids

lamellarity, number of lipid bilayers

liposomes are usually classified by size and …: which is the …

small unilamellar vesicle

made of 1 singlular lipid bilayer forming one single vesicle within the 15-30 nm range, large is 100-200 nm

multilamellar vesicle

made of several lamellar phase lipid bilayers within vesicles

multivesicular vesicle

made of several smaller liposomal vesicles within a large unilamellar vesicle

solid lipid nanoparticles

second generation lipid nanocarrier made of solid lipids and stabilizing agent to form a shell surrounding the core matrix

nanostructured lipid carrier

third generation lipid nanocarrier where liquid lipids are present in the matrix

micelle

spherical structure with a single lipid bilayer which can carry hydrophobic drugs, formed by surfactants in aqueous systems

chitosan

commonly used natural hydrophilic polymer used in nanoparticles as it can adhere to mucosa

nanocapsule

structure that has a oily liquid or solidcore that is encapsulated in polymer shell where the drug dissolves and modifies release profile

nanosphere

structure that has a constant sphere shape in which drugs consist inside the matrix or attached to the surface

carbon nanoparticles

nanoparticles compsed completely from pure carbon, being stable, electric and heat conducting, rigid

nanodiamonds

… are used as quantum sensors

doxil

first approved nano-drug with lipid based nanocarrier

protecting, increasing circulation time, decrease toxicity

doxil was designed to reduce its toxicity and increase efficacy by … and … of it , encapsulating to …

personalized medication

potential future application of nanoparticles to theragnostics: the right treatment at the right time for the right patient, shifting from one size fits all

targeted molecule imaging

potential future application of nanoparticles to theragnostics: used to image and track molecular targets involed in disease progression

noninvasive molecular imaging

potential future application of nanoparticles to theragnostics: used to identify the presence and degree of molecular targets through a whole body scan in real time. used for disease stage determination and therapy planning