Lecture 1 - Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process

patient care process definition

Series of standardized actions that guide health professionals with patient care; similar across health care disciplines but differ slightly for each unique set of skills/knowledge

who came up with PPCP?

Joint Commission of Pharmacy Practitioners and ACPE in May 2014, incorporated into pharmacy education standards

steps in PPCP

1. Collect

2. Assess

3. Plan

4. Implement

5. Follow up: Monitor and Evaluate

(think CAP-IF-ME)

collect process

assures the collection of the relevant and necessary subjective and objective information about the patient and is responsible for analyzing data in order to understand the relevant medical/medication history and clinical status of the patient (get info needed to begin proper assessment)

collect examples

• A current medication list and medication use history for prescription and nonprescription medications, herbal products, and other dietary supplements

• Relevant health data that may include medical history, health and wellness information, biometric test results, and physical assessment findings

• Patient lifestyle habits, preferences and beliefs, health and functional goals, and socioeconomic factors that impact access to medications and other aspects of care

assess process

assesses the information collected and formulates a problem list consisting of the patient’s active medical problems and medication therapy problems in order to prioritize medication therapy recommendations to achieve the patient’s overall health goals (make judgements based on collection process)

medication related needs (most to least important)

1. indication

2. effectiveness

3. safety

4. adherance

indication definition

approved conditions/states for which drug can be safely and effectively used for (is problem enough to warrant drug?)

problems with indication

• unnecessary medication therapy

• needs additional medication therapy

problems with effectiveness

• ineffective medication

• dosage too low

• needs additional monitoring

problems with safety

• adverse medication event

• dosage too high

• needs additional monitoring

problems with adherance

• not taking medication (whether intentional or not)

• cost

plan process

develops an individualized patient-centered care plan, in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver that is evidence-based and as affordable as possible for the patient (what we want to do)

plan examples

• Develop a plan to address medication- related problems and optimize medication therapy

• Arrive at an accurate and updated medication list

• Identify goals (from both patient and care team) of therapy and monitoring parameters to assess indication, effectiveness, safety, and adherence

• design personalized patient education

• Support care continuity, including follow-up, transitions of care, and who is responsible for implementing the care plan

implement process

implements care plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient/caregiver (putting plan in action)

implement examples

• Discuss care plan with patient, provide patient education, and verify patient understanding

• Initiates, modifies, discontinues, or administers medication therapy as authorized

• If other HCPs are needed to implement parts of care plan, communicate such needs to those HCPs

• Provide patent with an updated, accurate medication list

• Schedules follow-up care as needed to achieve goals of therapy and determines mode for follow-up

• Document the encounter

follow up: monitor and evaluate process

provides ongoing follow-up and monitoring to optimize the care plan and identify and resolve medication therapy problems, with the goal of optimizing medication use and improving care (did what we put into action actually work?)

follow up: monitor and evaluate examples

• Medication indication, effectiveness, safety and patient adherence through available health data, biometric test results and patient feedback

• Clinical endpoints that contribute to the patient’s overall health

• Outcomes of care, including progress toward or the achievement of goals of therapy