LEQ Review

Manifest Destiny

U.S. aimed to expand coast to coast in 1800s.

3 Ps of Manifest Destiny

Providence (divine blessing), Progress (economic growth), Power (national strength).

Key figure of Manifest Destiny

John L. O'Sullivan coined 'Manifest Destiny.'

Polk's role in Manifest Destiny

President who pushed westward expansion.

Consequences of Manifest Destiny

Westward growth, displacement of Indigenous peoples, intensified debate over slavery in new territories.

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

Immediate cause: Texas annexation and border disputes (Rio Grande vs Nueces).

Major events of the Mexican-American War

Monterrey, Buena Vista, capture of Mexico City.

Outcome of the Mexican-American War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; Mexican Cession (California, New Mexico, etc.) and $15 million.

Political impact of the Mexican-American War

Sharpened national debates over slavery's expansion into new lands.

Map fact from the Mexican-American War

U.S. gained large territories west of the Rio Grande.

Core tension pre-Civil War

Free vs. slave in new territories and states.

Key compromises pre-Civil War

Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Popular sovereignty theme

Voters in territories decide on slavery.

Notable conflict pre-Civil War

Bleeding Kansas as a result of competing interests.

Long-term consequence of pre-Civil War tensions

Heightened sectionalism leading to the Civil War.

Election of 1860 key candidates

Lincoln (stop expanding slavery), Breckinridge (protect slavery), Douglas (pop. sovereignty), Bell (union).

Outcome of the Election of 1860

Lincoln's victory triggered fear in the South; several states seceded.

Examples of secession states

South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana.

Immediate effect of secession

Formation of the Confederacy; start of Civil War.

Big idea from secession

Sectionalism outweighed national unity.

Central issue of the Civil War

Slavery and preservation of the Union.

Major outcomes of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation (1863), 13th Amendment (1865) abolishing slavery.

Key battles of the Civil War

Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, Vicksburg.

Union strategy during the Civil War

Anaconda Plan; total war under Sherman.

Aftermath of the Civil War

Reconstruction begins; federal power shifts in the South.