Chemistry, Stoichiometry, 1.1 The particulate nature of matter

Define stoichiometry

The relationship between amount of reactants and amount of products

What is the law of conservation of mass?

The sum of the masses of all reactants must equal the sum of the masses of all products

Name the 5 characteristics of a solid

Closely packed particles, strong intermolecular forces, vibration around a fixed point, fixed shape, fixed volume

Name the 5 characteristics of a liquid

Particles are more spread out, weaker intermolecular forces, flowing particles, container's shape, fixed volume

Name the 6 characteristics of a gas

Very spread out particles, negligible intermolecular forces, random movement, no fixed shape, no fixed volume, constant movement.

What is the formula for density?

Density = Mass / Volume

Define atom

The smallest particle showing any properties of an element they make up

Define element

Made of the same kind of atom and can't be chemically broken down into a simpler substance

Define compound

Two or more different elements chemically bonded

Define molecule

Two or more atoms of the same or different elements chemically bonded

Ionically bonded compounds are not molecules, they are...

Formula units (indicating the lowest whole number ratio of a compound)

Define mixture

Two or more substances not chemically combined / bonded

Define homogenous mixture and give an example

A mixture that has the same composition throughout (air, solutions)

Define heterogenous mixture and give an example

A mixture with a non-uniform composition (oil with water)

How can mixtures with different boiling points be separated?

Fractional distillation