Unit 6 APUSH Flashcards

What economic opportunities were available in the West during post-Civil War expansion?

Mining, farming, and the cattle industry.

What did the Homestead Act provide?

It offered 160 acres of land to settlers moving West for a low price.

What did the Pacific Railroad Act establish?

The route for the Transcontinental Railroad.

How did the government support western expansion?

By removing Native Americans, forcing them onto reservations, and giving land and subsidies to railroad companies.

What was the purpose of the Department of the Interior, established in 1849?

To manage and conserve federal land and natural resources.

What did the U.S. Fish Commission aim to prevent?

Overfishing in U.S. waters.

Who founded the Sierra Club, and what was its purpose?

John Muir in 1892, to fight for conservation and preservation of natural resources.

What were the two main Native American policies during this period?

Violent conflict and assimilation.

What happened during the Sand Creek Massacre?

The Colorado militia killed over 100 Native Americans, many of them women and children.

What was significant about the Battle of Little Big Horn?

The Sioux, led by Sitting Bull, killed Colonel Custer and his men in 1876.

What was the Ghost Dance Movement?

A cultural revival among the Sioux aiming to restore their lands and way of life.

What happened at the Battle of Wounded Knee?

Over 200 Native Americans were killed by the U.S. Army in 1890.

What was the goal of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?

To end tribal land ownership and force Native Americans onto private farms.

What was the motto of Native American assimilation schools?

: "Kill the Indian, save the man."

What characterized industrialization during the post-Civil War era?

Large-scale production, technological advances, and exploitation of labor and resources.

What is horizontal integration?

Controlling all competition within an industry to create a monopoly.

What is vertical integration?

Controlling every step of production, from raw materials to finished goods.

How did business leaders justify their wealth during this period?

With Social Darwinism, claiming the rich were hardworking and the poor were inferior.

What economic development was attempted in the post-Reconstruction South?

Industrialization, including textile mills and factories, referred to as the "New South."

What labor system remained predominant in the South after Reconstruction?

Tenant farming and sharecropping, primarily done by African Americans.

What organization allowed skilled and unskilled workers, women, and African Americans to join?

The Knights of Labor.

What was the focus of the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?

Bread-and-butter issues like wages, working conditions, and hours.

What were major failures of labor movements during this era?

Strikes like the Homestead Strike and Pullman Strike, which were defeated by corporations and government.

What internal issues weakened labor unions?

Divisions between skilled and unskilled workers, ethnic and racial groups, and hostility toward immigrants.