APUSH SEMESTER 1 FINAL

Indigenous Groups (before euro. arrival) -Unit 1

very advanced societeies in Mexico, Peru, Canada, Mississppi River Valley

Aztec Empire -Unit 1

advanced, sacrifice, irrigation systems, Tenochtitlan, millions of people

Inca Empire -Unit 1

steep mts., irrigation, Cusco, Peru, stone temples, sacrifice

French colonization -Unit 1

small-trading posts, non-invasive, allied with the natives

English colonization -Unit 1

not near many native groups but did kick them out, family units, farming

Spanish colonization -Unit 1

violent, labor, large participant of the African Slave Trade, plantations

columbian exchange -Unit 1

exchange of people, food, animals, germs across atlantic ocean as a result of contact

bartolome de las casas -Unit 1

advocated for the end of indian slavery however did participate in the african slave trade

christopher columbus -Unit 1

italian sailer, supported by ferdinand and isabllela of spain, gave him 3 ships, landed in the carrribean 1492

Hernan Cortez -Unit 1

toppled the aztec empire after disobeying order from governer to just trade for gold

francisco pizzaro -Unit 1

toppled the inca empire and also used encomiendo system

native american genocide -Unit 1

more than half the population died due to diseas and war with the europeans

transatlantic slave trade -Unit 1

portuguese started - would trade africans guns for slaves —> more guns = more wars in africa = more competiton = more prisoners of war to be traded into slavery

forms of resistance to colonization -Unit 1

natives still practiced religion, would run away/sabotoge work, taught children the native way of life

french fur trade -Unit 1

french traded with natives in canada and mississippi river valley for fur estb. economic system

spanish caste system/hierarchy -Unit 1

at the top = more status and less taxes, native americans, africans, mixed heritage, spaniards

encomienda system -Unit 1

spaniard is granted land, spaniard now owns natives on land, spaniard makes natives work for him, supposed to provide support but is a disguise for slavery

theory of geographic luck -Unit 1

europe happens to be west of middle east w/ most fertile animals and soil, west, east fasted for trade, europe has access to so much so they are dominant

how was the new world discovered -Unit 1

spain was looking for direct sea trade routes with asia because the middle east had the most power on land routes

portugal -Unit 1

trading post empire in africa due to new technology

what caused the shift from feudalism to mercantilism -Unit 1

the abudant silver from the americas signficantl changed economy in the europe from those exports

why were natives bad slaves -Unit 1

knew the land well + kept dying of disease, replaced by african slaves

what was the justification for slavery/white supremacy -Unit 1

the bible, cane and able

how did the columbian exchange effect europe -Unit 1

new food, increased population, increased wealth significantly

how did the columbian exchange effect the americas -Unit 1

majority of population wiped out from disease, increase in slavery, cultural blending

Jamestown - Unit 2

1st colony in virgina + southern colony _ many conflicts with natives

Powhatan - Unit 2

neighboring tribe increase + pochahontus + marriage of John Smith

transatlantic slave trade - Unit 2

slaves in west africa were traded for rum + gums —> transported to the americas to plantations

indentured servitude- Unit 2

1st white —> black + only had to work a certain amount of time but many didnt make it because of harshness

bacons rebellion - Unit 2

upset colonial gov wouldnt give him more land so united indentured servants + slaves to revolt —> ended + made race division worse

cashcrops - Unit 2

grown in south on plantations for profit, indigo, tobacco, rice

quakers - Unit 2

individual access to God, equality, religious freedom

william penn - Unit 2

pennsylvania + quaker + safe space for many free society

charter of liberties - Unit 2

penn’s constitution = political organization of the colony

bredbasket colonies - Unit 2

middle colonies who grew grain to trade

puritans - Unit 2

very religious, fear god, not tolerant, no fun

Roger Williams + Anne Hutchinson - Unit 2

expelled from community 4 diff beliefs

Salem Witch Trials - Unit 2

series of trials stemming from revenge + land lust + affairs

New England Economy - Unit 2

logging, shipbuilding, fishing, rumdistilling

New England Social Structure - Unit 2

community centered - “no man left behind mentality”

Metacoms War - Unit 2

natives mad Britain was taking land + revolted + violent + eventually stopped

social mobility - Unit 2

the ability to move up in social class (white men had the most)

Virginia House of Burgesses - Unit 2

first democratic elected legislature body

Massachusetts Legislature - Unit 2

democratic house + town meetings + court

salutary neglect - Unit 2

British hands off in the American colonies —> lead to self prosperity

Navigation Acts - Unit 2

1. only british ships/crew

2. certain items could only go through british ports

3. enumerated good could only be shipped to England

First Great Awakening - Unit 2

emotional finding of God, found in yourself not the Bible or minister —> Jonathon Edwards + George Whitfield = preachers

Enlightenment - Unit 2

rational thinking + natural rights + social contract + scientific thinking

Most to least tolerant - Unit 2

Middle —> Southern —> New England

Zenger Trial - Unit 2

criticized NY governor + offended + aquited because true—> inspired others

Causes of pop growth - Unit 2

slave trade + high birthrate from surplus of food + immigration

chesapeake/southern colonies - Unit 2

Jamestown, plantations, profit, native retaliation, Bacons rebellion

new england colonies - Unit 2

family units, farmers

middle colonies - Unit 2

bread basket, class distinctions, diverse

stono rebellion - Unit 2

slaves raided store for weapons and killed owners and other colonists - those caught were killed and hung

metacoms war - Unit 2

native american king was tired of colonial encroachment on their lands and led a violent uprising against the English settlers in New England.

why was the great awakening in response of the enlightenment - Unit 2

preachers felt that colonits were straying away from god so their was a massive religious revival

anglicanization - Unit 2

the colonies were starting to resemble the british systems in europe but americans also started a growing hatred for the British

salutary neglect - Unit 2

The British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the American colonies, allowing them to flourish economically and develop a sense of independence.

7 Years War/ French and Indian War - Unit 3

french encrochment on British lands —> Brits fought for land + used the colonies in Americas —> won w/ Peace of Paris

End of salutary neglect - Unit 3

Brits felt new obligation to protect states that they protected —> feel they are not strong enough to govern alone

Proclamation of 1763 - Unit 3

to stabilize western frontier + prevent native attacks colonies could not settle past the Appalachan Mts.

Enforcement of Navigation Acts - Unit 3

prohibited smuggling + checked ships

Quartering Act - Unit 3

soldiers needed to be housed in colonial homes to be near if needed for protection

Stamp Act - Unit 3

places taxes on paper products

Declatory Act - Unit 3

established after protests of other acts - states they could make laws/taxes whenever they wanted

Townshend Act - Unit 3

placed taxes on imported goods like tea, glass, and paper + able to search private property of smuggling —> paid colonial officials

Tea Act - Unit 3

places taxes on imported tea

Boston Massacre - Unit 3

ppl mad @ quartering act + went to harrass british soldiers —> shots fired + 5 killed

Boston Tea Party - Unit 3

colonists (in protest) disguised as natives threw many lbs of teas out of a british merchant ship

Intolerable Act - Unit 3

closed ports, quartering act, replaced gov w/ king council, allowed officials to be tried in homeland England

First Continental Congress - Unit 3

meeting in reponse to Intolerable Act —> wanted to resolve peace w/ British King —> he sent troops (bad)

Second Continental Congress - Unit 3

adopted navy + military w/ george washington —> one last attempt for peace → Olive Branch Pettion → king closed ports + trade

Battles of Lexington and Concord - Unit 3

war begins here + Paul Revere + colonial victory

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense - Unit 3

not everyone was fully on board w/ independence until this was written —> explained + got majority on board

Declaration of Independence - Unit 3

first drafted by B. Franklin → explained why US wanted independence + served as 1st document in US favor

Alliances of the American Revolution - Unit 3

colonists defeated british @ battle of saratoga → french saw victory + impressed so joined → inspired Spain + Netherlands afterward

Battle of Yorktown - Unit 3

colonists surrounded the British general and forced surrender

Treaty of Paris - Unit 3

negotiation → est. US as a country, boundry lines, rights to Canada, pay debts

Articles of Confederation - Unit 3

inspired by individual colony laws → weak one house system + no funding → economic depression (1st laws of gov)

Shays Rebellion - Unit 3

led by angry farmer + veteran about high taxes → congress realized they have no military → AOC are not working

Constitution - Unit 3

rewrite of the AOC → 3 branches of gov + check/balances electoral college, 3/5ths compromise, Great Compromise (Congress houses), presidency

Federalists - Unit 3

in favor of the constitution → benefited them cuz urban people

Ant-Federalists - Unit 3

not in favor of the Constitution → did not benefit farmers

Federalist Papers - Unit 3

by Madison, Hamilton, Jay perswaying for Constitution → helped a lot

Brutus - Unit 3

Anti-federalist agenda by Jefferson

Bill of Rights - Unit 3

rights of colonists protected by the gov

Hamilton Financial Plan - Unit 3

national bank = repay national debt, higher tariffs on foreign imports → helped economy

Foreign Policy - Unit 3

Neautrality Act → wouldnt participate in European wars → US is to weak

Farewell Address - Unit 3

no political parties, no permanent foreign alliances, no seculization, no european affairs

Alien Act - Unit 3

deport immigrants any time gov wanted during war time

Sedition Act - Unit 3

illegal to criticize government in writings

XYZ affair - Unit 3

french attacking American ships → sent delegates → agents xyz wanted bribe → americans mad + wanted war

Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans - Unit 3

rivalry political parties, peaceful transfer of power after Adams → Jefferson presidency

what were key events during washington’s presidency? - Unit 3

the whiskey rebellion, hamiltons financial plan, proclamation of neutrality, washingtons farewell address

what were key events during adam’s presidency? - Unit 3

alien and sedition acts, kentucky and virginia resolutions, xyz affair

Pinckney Treaty - Unit 3

was a 1795 agreement between the United States and Spain that established boundaries and granted Americans navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Virginia + Kentucky Resolutions - Unit 3

wasa series of political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, asserting that states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional. in response to the alien and sedition acts

Indian Trade and Intercourse Act - Unit 3

wasa series of laws passed in the early 19th century aimed at regulating trade between Native Americans and non-Indians, ensuring protection of Native lands.

Lousiana Purchase - Unit 4

fear of euro influence/affair close to the US so sent $2 mili but accpeted for $15 mili - controversial amongst Feds. cuz they beleieved prez. had no right in the constitution to buy land