English 10H Exam - Reese

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37 Terms

1

Masticate

to chew/grind stuff with your teeth

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2

Obdurate

a stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing

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3

Sagacity

the quality of having or showing understanding and the ability to make good judgements

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4

Abstruse

difficult to comprehend

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5

Simple sentence

Sentences containing one independent clause

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6

Compound Sentence

A sentence with two independent clauses

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7

Complex Sentence

A sentence with on independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

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8

Compound Complex Sentence

A sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent.

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9

Thesis Statement

A sentence that identifies the topic being discussed.

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10

Call to Action

A text prompt that is designed to inspire the target audience of a marketing campaign to take a desired action.

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11

Logical Fallacy

An error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument.

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12

Straw Man Fallacy

When someone distorts or exaggerates another person’s argument, and then attacks the distorted version the the argument instead of the main topic.

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13

Ad Hominem

Making an attack on an opponent’s character rather than by an answer to the contentions of the argument itself.

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14

Red Herring

An attempt to redirect an argument away from its original topic.

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15

Slippery Slope

When someones claims that an action will lead to a series of unintended negative consequences.

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16

Appeal to Authority

Saying a claim is true simply because an authority figure made it.

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17

Deliberative Rhetoric (Aristotle)

Speech or writing that attempts to persuade an audience or take - or not take - some action.

EX: Debates, proposals, campaigns, presentations, etc

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18

Judicial Rhetoric (Aristotle)

Speech or writing that considers the justice or injustice of a certain charge or accusation.

EX: Written laws, lawyer statements, courtroom proceedings, etc

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19

Epideictic Rhetoric (Aristotle)

Speech or writing that praises or blames (someone or something).

EX: Graduation and retirement speeches, funeral orations, nominating speeches, etc

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20

Selective Perception (One of the Eight Defenses)

The tendency of individuals to focus on specific aspects of the environment while ignoring others.

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21

Selective Memory (One of the Eight Defenses)

Someone may geign that they forgot an event and not take responsibility for what occurred.

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22

Denial (One of the Eight Defenses)

Dismissing external reality and instead focusing on internal explanations or fallacies and thereby avoiding the uncomfortable reality of a situation.

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23

Avoidance (One of the Eight Defenses)

Dismissing thoughts or feelings that are uncomfortable or keeping away from people, places, or situations associated with uncomfortable thoughts or feelings.

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24

Displacement (One of the Eight Defenses)

Transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another.

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25

Projection (One of the Eight Defenses)

A form of defense in which unwanted feelings are displaced onto another person, where they then appear as a threat from the external world.

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26

Regression (One of the Eight Defenses)

When Individuals cope with stressors by acting in a childish, immature, or age-inappropriate manner.

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27

Active Reversal (One of the Eight Defense Mechanisms)

Reversing an unacceptable feeling by experiencing it as its opposite or turning something into its polar opposite.

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28

Fear of Intimacy

A form of relationship anxiety about having an extremely close physical or emotion connection.

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29

Fear or Abandonment

Persistent fears that the people in your life will leave or reject you.

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30

Fear of Betrayal

Individuals that unconsciously sabotage their relationships so that the closeness that they bring can be avoided.

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31

Low Self Esteem

Not holding yourself in high regard.

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32

Insecure/Unstable Sense of Self

To have a distorted or unclear self-image and to often feel guilty or ashamed; may see themselves as “bad.”

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33

Oedipal Fixation

A child’s feelings of desire for their opposite-sex parent and resentment toward the same-sex parent.

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34

Reason One (Aristotle)

Because things that are true and things that are just have a natural tendency to prevail over their opposites so that if the decisions of the judges are not what they ought to be, the defeat must be due to the speakers themselves.

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35

Reason Two (Aristotle)

Before some audiences not even the possession of the exactest knowledge will make it easy for what we say to produce conviction. For argument based on knowledge implies instruction, and there are people whom one cannot instruct. Here, then, we must use as our modes of persuasion and argument, notions possessed by everybody…

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36

Reason Three (Aristotle)

We must be able to employ persuasion, just as strict reasoning can be employed, on opposite sides of the question, not in order that we may in practice employ it in both ways (for we must not make people believe what is wrong), but in order that we may see clearly what facts are, and that, if another man argues unfairly, we on our part may be able to confute him.

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37

Reason 4 (Aristotle)

It is absurd to hold that a man ought to be ashamed of being unable to defend himself with his limbs, but not of being able to defend himself with speech and Eason, when the use of rational speech is more distinctive of a human being that the use of his limbs.

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