Studied by 15 peoplePrimogeniture Laws
The name of the laws that essentially stated how land must be passed down to the eldest son
Omani-European Rivalry
The name of the rivalry between European countries, like the Portuguese, who attempted to set up forts in Oman but were constantly challenged
Mercantilism
The main economic policy of many European states during this time, which mainly translated to “sell more, buy less”
Caravels and Galleons
The names of the ships that were created by Europeans and helped facilitate more long-distance trade
Cristopher Columbus
First explorer who “discovered” the Americas; Sponsored by Spain
Bartholomew Diaz
Explorer who wanted to make his way down around Africa’s tip but later returned due to fear of mutiny; Sponsored by Portuguese
Vasco de Gama
Explorer who sailed to India and established connections with Indian Ocean traders; Sponsored by Portuguese and set up trading posts there
Francisco Pizarro
Conqueror of the Incan Empire
Smallpox
The name of the disease that many explorers brought over with them from the Americas; Killed off a huge group of indigenous populations
Columbian Exchange
The name of the exchange that occurred which specifically referred to the transfer of ideas, foods, goods, etc. between the Western and Eastern hemispheres
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
The name given to the trade of people from Africa to the Americas
Engenhos
The name that sugar plantation were typically referred to due to the horrible conditions and long working hours that laborers had to endure
Creole
A language that was made up of syncretism between European languages and African languages
Sugar and tobacco
Two main goods that were extremely important to Europeans and were grown in the Americas
African Diaspora
Referring to the dispersion of people from Africa outside of the continent
Mit’a System
The name of the labor system created by the Incas that was continued from the previous time period and continuously used during the 1450s to 1750s as well
Coercive Labor
What various labor systems were known as (as a whole)
Indentured Servitude
The labor system where people would work for up to seven years with no pay (often seven years was not respected though)
Serfs
The name of the people who were attached to land and were forced to work; Also used as a system by the Russians
Encomienda System
The name of the system established by the Spanish where they were forced to work in return for food and shelter
Hacienda System
The name of the system tied to the encomienda system where landowners developed agriculture on their lands and forced people to work on fields
Gold, God, and Glory
The Three G’s of Exploration; Historically known as reasons for why Europeans wanted to explore
Atahualpa
The Incan ruler that Francisco Pizarro captured and forced her to give him a room full of gold
Silver
A heavily sought-after resource when many Spanish conquistadores realized that gold would not satisfy their desired economic prosperity
Buddhist shrines
Objects that Christian missionaries in Japan would destroy; Eventually led to the Japanese government banning Christian worship services and persecuting and Christians (Additionally also limited foreign influence like the Qing dynasty)
Nagasaki Harbor
The name of the harbor where few Dutch merchants were allowed to live and trade with the Japanese
Chattel Slavery
A system of slavery where people were seen as property that was simply to be bought and sold
Great Wall of China
The piece of architecture that the Ming began to rebuild in a way to protect themselves from foreign influence
Joint-Stock Companies
The name of the companies created by the British and the Dutch to informally gain control of a colony’s economy
East India Company
The British joint-stock company that was initially formed for trade but later aided in getting imperial rule over South Asia, especially India
Dutch East India Company
The Dutch joint-stock company that was simply considered a global trading company from the Netherlands; Also known as VOC
Santeria
An African faith that is an example of syncretism between Catholicism and West African religious traditions
Vodun and Candomble
Belief systems and/or religious traditions that further display examples of religious syncretism coming from triangular trade
Casta System
A social hierarchy system in the Americas based off one’s skin color
Virgin of Guadalupe
The name of the influential figure who had a cult developed around her; Syncretism of religions between Catholic Christians and typical Spanish traditions
Polygamy
A practice that typically occurred in Africa as a result of more men being taken for the slave trade than women; Definition: Men having more than one wife
Ana Nzinga
A female ruler in Ndongo who originally formed an alliance with the Portuguese, but later broke the alliance and led a rebellion in Ndongo where she allied with Dutch and attempted to free enslaved people
Pugachev Rebellion
A rebellion led in Russia due to anger against the government giving extreme power to nobles
Cossack Revolts
A series of revolts in Russia due to anger from the Cossacks (Essentially runaway serfs)
Metacom’s War
The final effort of Native Americans in the Americas attempting to push out the British from their lands; Unsuccessful
Maroon Wars
A series of revolts within the Caribbean where slaves and former indigenous groups fought for their freedom
Queen Nanny
An important figure in the Maroon Wars; United all of the maroons of the island and helped many escape slavery
Maratha Empire
The name of the empire who were Hindus and attempted to end Mughal rule (internal conflict)
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