Chapter 9 and 10 Management

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

Federal law that prohibits employment discrimination against individuals age 40 and older.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Sets minimum wage. overtime rules. and bans child labor.

Screening

Process of choosing the best candidate for a position.

Interviews

Conversations used to assess a candidate’s fit for a job.

Applications

Forms used to collect information about a job applicant’s background.

Background checks

Review of a candidate’s history (criminal. credit. employment) before hiring.

Validity

How well a test measures what it’s supposed to measure.

Reliability

Consistency of test results over time or across situations.

Types of performance appraisal

objective and subjective

Objective performance appraisal

Based on measurable. numerical data

Subjective performance appraisal

Based on a manager’s perceptions of behavior or traits.

Firing

Terminating employment. often for cause; documentation prevents wrongful-termination claims.

Downsizing

Permanent dismissal, no rehiring expected

Employment at will

Either party may end employment at any time for any (legal) reason.

Right-to-work laws

Not required to join a union

Union

Worker organization that negotiates pay. benefits. and conditions with employers.

Proactive

Making planned changes in anticipation of future problems or opportunities.

Reactive

Making changes in response to events after they occur.

Incremental

Small gradual improvements rather than major shifts.

Radical change

Major transformation that significantly alters the organization.

Reasons employees resist change

Fear of the unknown. mistrust. fear of failure. job insecurity. peer pressure. timing. or personality conflicts.

Continuous improvement

Ongoing effort to enhance organization

Steps in the Organizational Development process

Diagnosis. intervention. evaluation. feedback.

Types of innovation

Product and process

Adaptive change

Reintroduction of a familiar practice

Innovative change

Introducing a new practice to the organization

Radically innovative change

Introduction of a practice new to the industry. high complexity and risk.