Chapter 7: Reactions in Aqueous Solution

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to reactions in aqueous solutions as detailed in Chapter 7 of the lecture notes.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture that is physically and chemically the same throughout the whole system.

Solvent

The component present in larger amounts in a solution, typically water in aqueous solutions.

Solute

The substance dissolved in the solvent, usually present in smaller amounts.

Electrolyte Solution

An aqueous solution that conducts electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that dissociates completely into its constituent ions in solution.

Dissociation

The process by which an ionic compound separates into its individual ions in solution.

Weak Electrolyte

A solute that dissolves in water but only partially ionizes, resulting in lower conductivity.

Non-electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to form neutral molecules and does not conduct electricity.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction that occurs when two soluble aqueous ionic solutions react to form an insoluble ionic solid.

Double Displacement Reaction

A reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two compounds switch places, forming two new compounds.

Molarity (M)

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dilution

The process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

Titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by gradually adding a solution of known concentration.

Oxidation

The process where an element loses electrons, increasing its oxidation state.

Reduction

The process where an element gains electrons, decreasing its oxidation state.

Oxidizing Agent

The reactant that is reduced in a reaction and causes another reactant to be oxidized.

Reducing Agent

The reactant that is oxidized in a reaction and causes another reactant to be reduced.