chapeter 4 science

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Nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and dna

Mitosis

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other and identical to the original nucleus in a series of steps(prophase metaphase anaspase and telospase.)

chromosome

structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material.

Asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction-fission budding, and regeneration-in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has dna identical to parent organism

Organism

any living thing uses energy is made of cells, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

Sexual reproduction

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and and sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity

Sperm

haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs

Egg

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization

in sexual reproduction, the joing of a sperm and an egg

Zygote

new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes and egg will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism

Diploid

cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs.

Haploid

cell that has half of the number of chromosomes as a body cells

Meiosis

reproductive process produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and ensures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms.

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid the genetic material of all organisms made up of two twisted strains of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases

Gene

section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins

RNA

ribonucleic acid a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome

Mutation

any permanent change in gene or chromosome of a cell may be beneficial, harmful or have little effect on an organism.

herredity

the passing of traits from parents to offspring