Biology - Meiosis/Cancer/DNA Replication/Haploid+Diploid/Etc...

Cancer

Abnormal cell growth caused by accumulation of mutations (TOO much division, NOT enough cell death)

Apoptosis

Cell death

Cancer

Abnormal cell growth caused by accumulation of mutations (TOO much division, NOT enough cell death)

Apoptosis

Cell death

Pro

Mammagram

detects breast cancer

colonoscopy

detect colon cancer

tumor

a mass of cells with no function

malignant

cancerous tumor, spreads, life threatening

benign

not cancerous, removed easily, doesn’t spread

characteristics of cancer cells

immortal, lose contact inhibition, lose anchorage dependence

lose contact inhibition

doesn’t die when they come in contact with another cell

lose anchorage dependence

can grow anywhere and doesn’t need scaffold

carcinogen

causes mutation/cancer

Age

#1 risk factor for cancer

surgery

remove cancer

chemo

kills fast reproducing cells (ALL)

radiation

kills cancer cells

immunotherapy

uses immune system to kill cancer

precision meds

personal

Genetics of cancer

ALL is genetic, but not all is inherited

Proto-oncogenes

controls normal cell division (good)

onco

cancer

oncogene

mutated proto-oncogene

tumor suppressor gene (TSG)

prevents uncontrolled cell growth

Increased risk genes

BRAC1 + BRAC2

Cell division

Growth, repair, and replace

Chromatin

Uncondensed DNA in its natural state

Diploid

Body cell (2n)

Haploid

Reproductive cell (n)

Interphase

G1, S, and G2

Mitosis

DNA/nucleus divide

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm divides

Karyotype

An individuals complete set of chromosomes

Chromosome

Condensed DNA for division

Meiosis

Making gametes

Gametes

Egg and sperm

Oogenesis

Process of making eggs

Spermatogenesis

Process of making sperm

Sexual reproduction

Creates genetic variation

External reproduction

Egg + speem meet outside (in environment)

Internal reproduction

Fertilization occurs within female

Testicle

Male gonad. Produce sperm and testosterone

Scrotum

Sack of skin and tissue. For support and body temp regulation

Epididymis

Where sperm is stored. Learns to swim and fertilize

Vas deferns

Pair of ducts carrying sperm from testis to outside

Urethra

Carries pee and sperm from urinary bladder to exterior

Penis

Contains terminal part of urethra.

Prostate gland

Largest semen secreting gland. Secretes alkaline fluid. Prevents sperm from sticking together

Male hormone

Testosterone

Ovaries

Female gonad. Eggs produced

Oviduct

Fallopian tube. Joins ovaries and uterus. Fertiltion is here.

Ectopic pregnancy

Embryo grows in oviduct

Uterus

Where embreyo implants

Endometrium

Uterus lining

Cervix

Narrow neck of uterus, holds baby in, HPV

Vagina

Tube. Birth canal.

Estrogen

Produced by ovary. Growth of egg.

Progesterone

Corpus luteum. Prevents ovulation

Hormones

FSH: follicle stimulant hormone. Pituitary gland. Develops follicles. LH: luteinizing hormone. Stimulated ovulation. Pituatary gland

Pregnancy

40 weeks. Gestation based on size.

Fetus

8 weeks

Oxytocin

Starts labor