China's Population Policies: One Child Policy to Three Child Policy

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to China's population policies, including the One Child Policy, exceptions, effects, and recent changes to pro-natalist strategies.

One Child Policy (OCP)

A population control policy implemented in China in 1980, limiting urban couples to one child.

Pro-natalist Policy

Policies aimed at increasing the birth rate to support a growing dependent population.

Demographic Dividend

The economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure.

Exceptions to OCP

Circumstances under which couples in China were allowed to have more than one child, such as if the first child was a daughter or had health problems.

Two-Child Policy

A population policy that replaced the OCP, allowing couples to have two children, officially adopted in 2015.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children born to a woman over her lifetime.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population (ages 15-64).

Rural vs Urban Family Policies

Different family planning regulations were applicable to rural and urban families regarding the number of permitted children.

Childcare Subsidy Scheme

A government policy aimed at reducing the financial burden of child-rearing through financial assistance.

Dibao

Minimum Livelihood Guarantee, a primary social assistance programme in China providing cash transfers to the poorest households.

Elderly Care Services

Community-based services and support systems to assist the elderly population in China.

Changing Social Norms

Shifts in the societal attitudes toward marriage and childbearing, particularly among younger generations.

Sex Ratio at Birth

The ratio of male births to female births, influenced by cultural preferences and population policies.