Aortic Regurgitation Values and Relationships

% PHYSIOLOGICAL REGURG: MR

70-80%

% PHYSIOLOGICAL REGURG: TR

80-90%

% PHYSIOLOGICAL REGURG: PR

70-80%

% PHYSIOLOGICAL REGURG: AR

5%

LVOT

1.7 - 2.2 CM

AO ROOT

2.0 - 3.7 CM

ST JUNCTION

2.0 - 3.6 CM

ASCENDING AO

2.0 - 3.4 CM

WALL STRESS AND PRESSURE

DIRECT

WALL STRESS AND RADIUS

DIRECT

WALL STRESS AND THICKNESS OF WALL

INVERSE

WALL STRESS AND 0² DEMAND

DIRECT

INCREASE IN LV VOLUME CAUSES INCREASE IN __________ AND ____________-

LVEDP; LAEDP

LVE CAUSES INCREASE IN LV ___________

COMPLIANCE

INCREASE IN ___________ __ HELPS MAINTAIN CO

SYSTOLIC BP

WITH CHRONIC AR, LVED VOLUME CAN BE ___ TO ___ TIMES THE NORMAL WHICH LEADS TO FAILURE

3;4

______ IN LVEDP CAUSES FATIGUE AND DYSPNEA

INCREASE

LV SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; ______ SV; _____HR; ________ FILLING TIME

DECREASE; INCREASE; REDUCED

NORMAL BNP (BIOMARKER FOR HEART FAILURE)

100

2 METHODS OF WIDE PULSE PRESSURE

1. DIFFERENCE OF 100 OR MORE

   1. DOUBLE DIASTOLIC - IS IT LESS THAN SYSTOLIC?

THE MORE STEEP, THE _____ SIGNIFICANT THE AR

MORE

THE MORE REGURG, THE ________ THE PRESSURE EQUALIZES

FASTER

AR PEAK VELOCITY

AT LEAST 4 M/SEC

MILD P ½ TIME

> 500 M/SEC

MODERATE P ½ TIME

200 - 500 MSEC

SEVERE P ½ TIME

< 200 M/SEC

_______ LVEDP ______ P ½ TIME IN AR

HIGH; SHORTENS

DILATED LV HAS ___ WALL STRESS

>

ACUTE AR HAS ___ RISK OF PULMONARY EDEMA

>

SEVERE RV

> 60mL

SEVERE RF

> 50%

SEVERE VENA CONTRACTA WIDTH

> 0.6 CM

AR JET DIAMETER / LVOT DIAMETER: SEVERE

> 65%

AR JET AREA / LVOT AREA RATIO: SEVERE

> 59%

DIAMETER RATIO: MILD

< 25%

DIAMETER RATIO: MODERATE

25 - 46 %

DIAMETER RATIO: MODERATE - SEVERE

47 - 64%

DIAMETER RATIO: SEVERE

> 64%

AREA RATIO: MILD

< 4%

AREA RATIO: MODERATE

4 - 24%

AREA RATIO: MODERATE - SEVERE

25 - 59%

AREA RATIO: SEVERE

> 59%

DIASTOLIC FLOW REVERSAL: DESCENDING AO SEVERE

> 20 CM/S

ABDOMINAL AO DIASTOLIC FLOW REVERSAL INDICATES …..

SEVERE AR

MOD - SEVERE AR CAN ____ PULMONARY A WAVE REVERSAL VELOCITY

INCREASE

ERO (EFFECTIVE REGURG ORIFFICE)

>/= 30 MM²

LV DIASTOLIC DIMENSION: NORMAL

37 - 56 MM

LV DIASTOLIC DIMENSION: SEVERE

>/= 70 MM