unit 1 (hush)

Compare development of colonial regions

Compare development of colonial regions

New England: developed more on a family basis and on religion

Mid-Atlantic: developed quickly due to major cities and being economic based

Southern: developed on individual benefits. Many plantations 

Evaluate the effectiveness of England’s mercantilist policies

Its initial effects were that England was selling more than buying so they were maxing an extensive profit. In the long run though it did stunt their growth as a colonial business, since people were not going to make money from them they would want to make alliances where they could gain profit as well. 

• During Great Britain's mercantilist period, colonies faced periods of inflation and excessive taxation, which caused great distress.

• Angry and frustrated American colonists revolted against the British, which led to the American Revolution and the end of mercantilism.

Analyze the costs and benefits of mercantilism to colonies and home countries

Costs:

• Limited on what they could trade because they were only trading internally

Benefits:

• Wouldn’t be increasing the economy of another country 

• Would be exporting more than importing

Analyze causes of change in the colonial labor force

The change in the colonial labor force was influenced by a few key factors. One major factor was the introduction of new agricultural techniques and crops, which led to an increased demand for labor. Additionally, the growth of industries such as mining and manufacturing also created a need for more workers. Another important factor was the rise of the transatlantic slave trade, which brought a large number of enslaved Africans to work on plantations

Compare the roles of women in different colonial regions

North: 

• Women have more rights (a little) before marriage because women would just take care of the family.

South:

• Had household slaves to do work for them, but if they were too poor to afford slaves then they had to do the work themselves.

• Women had to do work alongside their sons and husbands 

• Very labor intensive

Identify all the elements of the Atlantic trade system

The Atlantic trade system consisted of America, England, and Africa. Each country contributed their own aspect; America contributed raw material, England + manufactured goods, and Africa + slaves. 

Analyze legal, political, economic, and social reasons for the development of race-based slavery in the colonies

Legal: After Bacon's rebellion they decided to no longer use indentured servants, but turned to Africa for slaves to work for them.

Political: They needed an economy to run off and without slavery it would likely be less successful. 

Economic: Plantation owners need workers that are inexpensive to work their plantations.

Social:Slavery quickly became accepted in the colonies which allowed it to spread and develop. 

Evaluate the degree to which colonial slave laws influenced contemporary conceptions of race

Colonial slave laws highly influenced society's conception of race. The laws had basically said people who weren’t white were less than, and dehumanized Africans. And this stayed as people's belief. 

Analyze the causes and impact of increased regional identity in the colonies

Cause: Regional Identity saw a major increase in the colonies, because each area/colony not only had people with different strengths but they also had varying natural resources. The northern colonies were industrious due to having larger cities and they were big in many things including the sea (shipbuilding, fishing, ect.). The southern colonies were much bigger with plantations and cash crops, because it was easily accessible due to their climate.

Impact: The immediate impact of regional identity in the colonies were that the colonies had different markets which limited competition in the colonies. It also meant they were able to benefit from each other. The long term effects were that even today the areas are still distinctly different.

Compare and contrast the major regions of the colonies.

New England had skilled craftsmen in the industry of shipbuilding. The Mid-Atlantic presented a diverse workforce of farmers, fisherman, and merchants. The Southern Colonies were primarily agricultural with few cities and limited schools.

Analyze ways slaves adapted to and resisted their condition

One way slaves adapted was through the creation of tight-knit communities and support networks. They formed bonds with fellow slaves, building strong relationships and relying on each other for emotional support and survival. These communities provided a sense of belonging and helped preserve cultural traditions and identities. In terms of resistance, slaves employed a range of strategies. Some engaged in acts of rebellion, such as escape attempts or open defiance. Others resisted through more subtle means, such as slowing down work, feigning illness, or practicing cultural traditions in secret.

Analyze the tensions caused by the backcountry south

The backcountry south had peace with each other and had similar backgrounds, but as more people moved towards that area it disrupted it leaving the locals mad. Causing wars and fighting.

Describe religious pluralism in the colonies

Religious plurality was there being multiple religions present in a country. America had multiple different religions seen in each area/colony. 

Analyze the causes and effects of the Great Awakening and the American Enlightenment

Great Awakening

Causes: People wanted a reason for why, people wanted reform in unjust areas, and people wanted to reform the church

Effects: People began changing religions, governments were reformed, church

Enlightenment

Causes: Ideas of rationalism, intellectual, and religious freedom

Effects: Gave ideas that later fueled the American Revolution

Analyze the causes and effects of increased power of colonial assemblies.

Causes: Salutary Neglect, no other form of governing or law making

Effects: american identity, becoming separated from england

Synthesize how the issues of this period led to the creation of a unique American identity.

• Separation of church + state (enlightenment/great awakening) 

• The American revolution (enlightenment ideals) 

• Slavery → abolished slavery → segregation → civil rights

• Economy (different areas = different economic structure)

• Religious plurality

How is imperialism justified?

It was justified by spreading their religion and many believed it to be “saving” people. They also justified it by making the land economically successful and that it benefited them and their home countries. Most colonists believed that they deserved the land.

How do interactions between cultures change each one?

Cultures can learn from each other and take different aspects of one and incorporate it into their own. The cultures evolved and changed as they would interact with one another.

How does religion impact decisions?

At the time religion was the most important thing to most people and they believed it was their mission to spread their religion to new land, people, and cultures. Religion impacted their traditions, the way they live, and their society structure.

How does geography impact society, economics, and culture?

Their economy was impacted based on what natural resources they had access to, transport with other colonies, and trade with other countries. Their geography would impact types of traditions they would have, for example an agricultural rich area would have traditions revolving around that and if it was located near a beach their traditions would change. Their society would be impacted based on how they lived off resources and how they would move around.

How are the contents of the accepted historical narrative adopted?

The contents of the accepted historical narrative are adopted through a combination of research, analysis, and scholarly consensus. Historians study various primary and secondary sources, such as documents, artifacts, and accounts from the past, to gather evidence and construct a narrative. They critically evaluate these sources, looking for patterns, biases, and multiple perspectives to create a more comprehensive understanding of historical events. 

Can slavery and other abuses of power be justified?

There is no justification for abusing power, especially in terms of slavery. Abusing power in ways like slavery is morally wrong. In the 1600s-1800s slavery was seen in many places around the world and in the south and east of America. It was justified then because people believed that Africans were inferior to them, when it was abolished equality started arising. 

What causes social, political, economic, and cultural change within small and larger societies?

Social, political, economic, and cultural changes in both small and larger societies can be caused by a variety of factors. Some common causes include shifts in technology, changes in social values and norms, economic developments, political movements, and external influences such as globalization. For example, advancements in technology can lead to changes in the way people communicate, work, and interact with each other, which in turn can have ripple effects on social, political, economic, and cultural aspects of society. Similarly, political movements and changes in government policies can shape the direction of a society and impact its social, economic, and cultural landscape.

How can mercantilism be both a positive and negative force?

Mercantilism is when a colony is really used for trade, and almost, if not all profits go to the mother country. A positive side effect could be that it creates jobs, while a bad side effect could be that slavery happens because of it

What are the causes and effects of factional and sectional Identities?

One cause of factional identities is differing perspectives and interests among groups within a society. These differences can arise from factors such as political ideology, social class, religion, or regional differences. When these groups form factions, it can lead to competition, conflicts, and divisions within society.

Why do societies and countries experience major paradigm shifts? 

A paradigm shift is when something or someone has a fundamental change in their assumptions/ views. Countries experience paradigm shifts due to the needs of their society. Societies will experience a paradigm shift due to different ideas they are hearing about or what is in the news. Countries can experience it due to influence from other countries becoming more pronounced or even by one person who raises a question.