Basic Foods 1 - Chapter 1-3 (Prelim)

What other cultures inspired filipino cooking?

Chinese, Japanese, Austronesian, Indian, Spanish, Malay-Indonesian and American

When did the Green Revolution start?

1950s

______ _______ was an argronomist and started the Green Revolution

Norman Borlaug

The “semi dwarf” wheat could yield how much more grain?

10 times higher grain yields

Why was the "semi dwarf” wheat better than regular wheat grown?

it was shorter and more resistant to disease

Manipulating the genetic make up of plants and animals is called?

Selective breeding

What does GMO stand for?

Genetically modified organisms

____ are created by using specific DNA sequences with desired characteristics

GMOs

What are examples of GMO made food?

BT corn and golden rice

____ _______ a multi-disciplinary field involving chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, microbiology and engineering to give one the scientific knowledge to solve real problems associated with the many facets of the food system.

Food Science

4 Applications of Disciplines involved in Food Science and Technology

Biology/Cell Biology, Chemistry, Microbiology, Nutrition

Understanding of postharvest plant physiology, food quality, plant disease control and microbial physiology

Biology/Cell Biology

Which application of discipline is responsible for food safety?

Biology/Cell Biology

Essential for implementing many applications such as improved food quality, extended shelf-life and development of functional foods

Chemistry

What application of discipline helps with food analysis

Chemistry

Understanding of the nature of bacteria (beneficial, spoilage and disease causing microorganisms), parasites, fungi and viruses, and development and advances in their detection, identification, quantification and control

Microbiology

Contains food fortification, functional foods, development of diets that match human nutrient requirements and help enhance health and wellness

Nutrition

What is an example of a food source?

Wheat

What is an example of a primary processed food from wheat?

Flour

What is an example of a preserved food from wheat?

Dried wheat germ

What are examples of manufactured food from wheat?

Breads, Pastries, Crackers

A food that has been made that does not resemble it’s original food source

Manufactured food

A food guide made by the Philippine government to promote healthier eating

Pinggang Pinoy

The popular version of the revised Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos (NGF)

10 Kumainments

An added indication on food products that are authorized by the DOH that shows that a product has passed a defined set of criteria regarding nutrition provided by the FDA.

Sangkap Pinoy

What are the live bacteria that are found in certain foods that promote health benefits for your gut?

Probiotics

What are some examples of probiotics?

Yogurt, Kimchi and miso soup

__________ are foods that are high in fiber and serve as the “food” for the probiotic bacteria.

Prebiotics

What are some examples of prebiotics?

Bananas, bread and garlic

What is known as the universal solvent?

Water

Water is known as the universal solvent as it can ________ a wider variety of substances

dissolve

Water has a _____ arrangement of oxygen and hydrogen, making its molecule attracted to many subtances

polar

Foods that offer additional health benefits aside from its nutritional value

Functional foods

What are the two types of food evaluation?

Subjective and Objective

What is used for subjective food evaluation?

Hedonic scale and sensory experience

Which type of food evaluation is based in scientific fact and weight?

Objective

____ _______ can be defined as the degree of excellence of a food and includes factors such as appearance, texture, flavor and nutritional quality as well as its bacteriological or keeping quality

Food quality

Complex organic compounds, destroyed easily when heated and all its nutrients are necessary for body function

Vitamins

Simple inorganic compounds, can withstand heat and not all its nutrients are necessary for body function

Minerals

What do vitamins and minerals have in common?

Both are micronutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts

______ foods are all natural with no chemical fertilizers

Organic

Organic foods are safer than non-organic but they contain the ____ calories and nutrients

same

The most abundant in the natural state of food materials

Water

What is the molecular structure of water?

1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms

Used to measure how acidic or basic an object is

the pH scale

Levels 0-6 on the pH scale measures?

Acidity

Levels 8-14 on the pH scale measures?

Alkalinity

What level is water on the pH scale?

7

What does level 7 on the pH scale indicate?

Neutrality

What are water activity values?

Shows how much water a food contains

How are water activity values written as?

aW

What is the water activity value for water?

aW 1.0

Water migrates from areas of higher water activity to areas of _____ water activity

lower

What are the three categories of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

What is the simplest carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharaides contain only?

One sugar unit

What are the three types of monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose and galactose

______ is the most important and common monosccharide

Glucose

What are the main sources of glucose?

Starchy foods

Glucose provides organisms with a source of ______

energy

Glucose is the sugar that is found in the blood and is nicknamed “_____ _____”

blood sugar

________ is the sugar that is found in fruits, vegetables and honey

Fructose

What is fructose nicknamed as?

Fruit sugar

What carbohydrate is more complex and is made up of two monosaccharides?

Disaccharides

What are the 3 kinds of disaccharides?

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose

What monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Glucose and fructose

What monosaccharides make up lactose?

Galactose and glucose

What monosaccharides make up maltose?

Glucose and glucose

A chemical bond in the form of a covalent connection that connects a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group

Glycosidic bond

_______ is created when a glycosidic bond is formed between a glucose and a fructose molecule

Sucrose

What are the sources of sucrose?

Sugar cane, sugar beet and maple syrup

What is a common name for sucrose?

Table sugar

_______ is created when a glycosidic bond is formed between 2 glucose molecules

Maltose

What are the sources of maltose?

Germinating cereal like barley

What is a nickname for maltose?

Malt sugar

_______ is created when a glycosidic bond is formed between a glucose and a galactose molecule?

Lactose

What are the sources of lactose?

Milk and other dairy products

What is a common name for lactose?

Milk sugar

_______________ are the most complex carbohydrates as they are made up of hundreds or thousands of glucose molecules all strung together

Polysaccharides

What are the 4 kinds of polysaccharides?

Cellulose, starch, glycogen and chitin

How many forms of polysaccharides are used as building products and storing excess energy?

2 forms each

Type of polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants

Starch

What is the form in which plants store the excess glucose that they make during photosynthesis?

Starch

Humans used starch or stored energy as a ____ ______

Food source

Type of polysaccharide that make up the cell walls in plants

Cellulose

Cellulose is the _______ in our diets that helps us feel full

Fibre

Type of polysaccharide that stores glucose for animal cells and is found in muscles and liver

Glycogen

Type of polysaccharide that makes up structural component of exoskeletons in insects, arachnids and crustaceans.

Chitin

What else is chitin a component of?

Cell walls of fungi

_____ ____ is made up from carboxylic group and hydrocarbon chain

Fatty acid

Fatty acids are the building blocks of ___ in our bodies and food

fat

What does our body convert fats to during digestion?

fatty acids

Fatty acids are _____________

triglycerides

What are the two types of fatty acids?

Saturated and unsaturated

Saturated fatty acid has __ ______ ____ in structure

No double bond

What are the four types of fatty acids?

Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and trans

What fatty acid contains no carbon-carbon double bonds?

Saturated fat

What fatty acid contains one carbon-carbon double bonds?

Monounsaturated fat

What fatty acid contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds?

Polyunsaturated fat

What fatty acid contains carbon-carbon double bonds in a trans configuration?

Trans fat