afro history week 1 terms

anthropology

The various studies of human biology, evolution, and social/cultural components that differ them from other animal species.

examples of anthropology

forensic anthropology (the study of human remains), paleoanthropology (the study of remains of prehistoric humans), and linguistic anthropology (the study of how modern English came to be).

archaeology

the scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities

examples of archaeology

tools, pottery, jewelry, and monuments.

artifact

A historical object that is man-made and that provides specific cultural information from a given period

classics

serving as a standard of excellence, of recognized value, historically memorable

Conservation

The careful preservation and protection of something. Especially planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect.

Example of material culture

Archaeologists dig to find material culture which they can then use to infer about the people who once inhabited the area

culture

The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

ecofacts

term used in paleontology or archeology that refers to natural materials or items that humans modified or used for historical purposes

examples of ecofacts

animal bones, seeds, shells, wood, pollen

tangible heritage

Physical artifacts produced, maintained and transmitted inter generationally in a society. Physical products of human creativity that are invested with cultural significance in a society.

intangible heritage

the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage

examples of intangible heritage

oral traditions, performing arts, local knowledge, and traditional skills

examples of tangible heritage

artistic creations, buildings, monuments

material culture

objects produced by human beings, including buildings, structures, monuments, tools, weapons, utensils, furniture, art, and indeed any physical item created by a society

Race

any one of the groups that humans are often divided into based on physical traits regarded as common among people of shared ancestry

social groups

of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society

physical cultural resources

movable or immovable objects, sites, and structures that have archaeological, historical, architectural, religious, or other cultural significance

preservation

the act of keeping something as it is to prevent it from decaying or to protect it from being damaged or destroyed

heritage

something possessed due to one's natural situation or birth, features belonging to the culture of a particular society that were created in the past and still have historical importance

Cultural Resources Management

cultural heritage management within a framework of federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and guidelines

sustainability

long-term viability of a community set of social institutions or societal practice. form of intergenerational studies in which the environmental and economic actions taken by present persons do not diminish the opportunities of future persons to enjoy similar levels of wealth, utility, or welfare

international development

The pursuit of a better world for all through the elimination of poverty, discrimination and injustice

world monuments fund (WMF)

organization that primarily focuses on preserving the world's diverse culture and heritage by partnering with local communities, governments, and funders. works with local communities around the world to safeguard irreplaceable cultural heritage.

International Council on Monuments and Sites, a.k.a. ICOMOS

non-governmental network of experts across fields, with an interest in the preservation of cultural heritage that is represented by these important sites. network of experts across fields, with goal to preserve cultural heritage represented by these important sites.

iron Age

Final stage in the technological and cultural stage in the Stone-Bronze-Iron Age Sequence. This metal for the most part replaced bronze in implements and weapons.

bronze age

era at which humans started to work with metal

stone age

first known period of prehistoric human culture characterized by the use of stone tools

globalization

process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market

repatriation

process of returning cultural artifacts or Human remains to their country or community of origin

reparations

act of making amends, offering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury