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Thermal energy
The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
Heat
The energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object.
Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Transfer
When energy is moved from one place to another.
Absolute Zero
The lowest temperature possible on the Kelvin scale.
conduction
The transfer of energy from one object to another through direct contact.
convection
The type of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids, which can be solid, liquid, or gas.
convection current
The circular motion created when heated air rises to float on top of the denser, cooler air.
Radiation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Transform (energy transformations)
To change from one kind of energy to another (ex.: an electric stove transforms electrical energy to thermal energy)
conductor
A material that conducts heat well.
Insulator
Materials that do not conduct heat well.
Specific heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 kelvin.
Thermal expansion
the expansion of matter when it is heated
Contract
As matter cools, it decreases in volume.
