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Phases of Mitosis

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Biology

11th

34 Terms

1

Phases of Mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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2

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

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3

Prophase

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and Nucleolus disappears.

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4

Metaphase

chromosomes line up along metaphase plate

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5

Anaphase

Chromosomes break at centrosomes and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

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6

Telophase and Cytokinesis

Nuclear membrane reforms and nucleoli reappear and chromosomes unwind into chromatin.

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7

What cells do not preform mitosis

Sex Cells

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8

Which cell splits from the inside

Plant cell

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9

telophase under microscope

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10

Which cell forms a cleavage and splits from the outside

Animal cell

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11

anaphase under microscope

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12

metaphase under microscope

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13

prophase under microscope

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14

Base parring

(A-T C-G) This guarantees that a copied strand of DNA always end up being the same as the original.

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15

DNA structure

  • 2 deoxyribose (sugar) backbone strands

  • Bases held together by \n hydrogen bonds

  • DNA shape is a double helix

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16

How is DNA fit in a Chromosome

DNA wraps around a Histone to from a Nucleosome

Nucleosomes come together to form Chromatine

Chromatine then from loops

The Chromatine loops condense to form a Chromosome

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17

Helicase

  • “Unzips” or unwinds the DNA double helix.

  • Binds at the location called the replication fork

  • Exposes the leading strand to the next enzyme

  • Separates bases from each other

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18

DNA Polymerase

  • Synthesizes free nucleotides onto the template DNA

  • Matches the right nucleotide with the exposed bases

  • Creates the complementary strand

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19

DNA Ligase

  • An enzyme that puts things together

  • Glues together Okazaki fragments after matching

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20

Primase

  • Enzyme that makes a primer

  • The primer is the starting point for polymerase on the lagging strand

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21

Leading strand

  • replicated (copied) in 3’-5’ direction

  • copied straight off, no fragments made.

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22

Lagging strand

  • replicated in 5’-3’ direction

  • replicated in small pieces, known as Okazaki fragments, starting at a primer

  • The polymerase has to jump back and make a small section

  • Ligase glues the Okazaki fragments together

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23

Prophase I

  • The DNA is already replicated forming two pairs of chromosomes

  • The homologous sister chromatids pair up 2 and 2

  • Chromosomes form tetrad

  • Sometimes parts of the chromosomes are exchanged between the maternal and paternal chromosomes: crossing over or recombination

  • In meiosis

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24

tetrad

two homologous chromosomes that have each already replicated into a pair of sister chromatids

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25

Metaphase I

The chromosomes are moved to the metaphase plate (the middle) they line up randomly

  • In meiosis

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26

Anaphase I

  • The paired homologous chromosomes start to separate from each other

  • The whole sister chromatid is being moved to either pole

  • Pulled apart by the mitotic spindle

  • In meiosis

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27

Telophase I

  • Cell starts cytokinesis, dividing the cells completely

  • The cells are now haploid

  • In meiosis

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28

Haploid

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

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29

Diploid

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

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30

Prophase II

  • Very short phase

  • Centrioles start migrating

  • Nucleolus dissolves

  • Mitotic spindle forms

  • In meiosis

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31

Metaphase II

  • Sister chromatids line up at metaphase plate

  • In a line this time

  • Spindle fibers attach to the centromere (middle of chromatid)

  • In meiosis

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32

Anaphase II

  • Sister chromatids are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell

  • Sister chromatids break down the middle

  • Chromatids become separate chromosomes

  • In meiosis

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33

Telophase II

  • The chromosomes have completely moved to their cells

  • Membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

  • The cells bud off to become individual haploid cells

  • In meiosis

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34

cytokinesis

bringing about the separation into two daughter cells

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