bio molecules

fortnite

carbohydrates (saccharides)

carbohydrates (saccharides)

Biomolecule that includes sugar, starch, or cellulose and it serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds contain only CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN, usually in the ratio 1:2:1.

principle functions of carbs

chief source of energy to the body, stored for later energy needs, component of other biological compounds

monosaccharides

basic or simple sugars

glucose (monosaccarides)

main energy source

fructose (monosaccharides)

principle sugar in fruits

galactose (monosaccharides)

found in milk

disaccharides

two monosaccharides bound together

sucrose (disacc)

glucose and fructose, table sugar

lactose (disacc)

glucose and galactose, principle carbs in milk

maltose (disacc)

glucose and glucose, main carbs in plants

glycolysis

process of converting glucose to pyruvic and lactic acids

Polymer

A large molecule formed by many repeating monomers.

Monomer

A smaller unit that is the BUILDING BLOCK of a polymer.

Protein

macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.

Amino Acid

The monomer/building block for proteins.

Enzyme

A specialized protein that catalyzes (speeds up) the chemical reactions of a cell.

Polysaccharide

A polymer of 3 or more monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.

Ex. Starch, Cellulose

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the REMOVAL of a water molecule.

Starch

Polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose (monosaccharide) molecules. A complex carbohydrate in which plants store energy

Phospholipid

A lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids; Consists of a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic non

Cell membrane

The phospholipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of the cell

Biomolecules

Organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats.

Lipids

molecule consisting of CH and a little O includes: fats, oils and waxes. monomer is a glycerol and three fatty acids.

Nucleic acids

Hold our genetic information. Examples are DNA and RNA. molecules consists of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

substrate

The reactant , molecule upon which an enzyme acts

active site

site on enzyme which binds a particular molecule (called its substrate).

activation energy

The minimum amount of energy required to break the bonds between atoms of the reactants

cellulose

cell wall of plant cell

glycogen

animals store extra glucose

chitin

makes exoskeleton of crustaceans (crab type)

hydrolysis

process of breaking polymers into monomers by adding water

fatty acid

insoluble, makes cell membranes, made of lipids

saturated lipid

SOLID at room temp, SINGLE bonds between carbon

Ex: butter

unsaturated lipid

liquid at room temp, DOUBLE bonds between carbon

Ex: olive oil