Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to hydrocarbons and organic chemistry as outlined in the lecture notes.

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon compounds.

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds.

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons that contain only C—C and C—H bonds, named with 'ane' suffix.

IUPAC Naming

A systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds.

Condensed Structural Formula

A representation of a molecule where each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are grouped.

Skeletal Formula

A representation that shows the carbon skeleton of the compound with lines for bonds.

Structural Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Substituents

Atoms or groups of atoms that are attached to the main carbon chain.

Alkyl Groups

A group of carbon atoms connected in a chain, named with 'yl' ending.

Halo Groups

Halogen atoms attached to a carbon chain, named as fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.

Combustion

A reaction where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

Cis–Trans Isomers

Compounds that differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a double bond.

Hydrogenation

A reaction that adds hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons to convert them to saturated fats.

Aromatic Compounds

Compounds that contain a benzene ring.

Benzene

An aromatic compound with the formula C6H6, consists of a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds.