Brief History of Schistosoma Species and Pathology

Flashcards focusing on key historical and biological aspects of Schistosoma species and their associated pathologies.

What is the earliest known case of schistosomiasis?

Found in an Egyptian mummy dating back to 3100 B.C.

Which method is used to detect circulating anodic antigen in schistosomiasis?

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Who described schistosomiasis caused by S. japonicum?

Fuji in 1847.

What are the sex characteristics of schistosomes?

They have separate male and female adults.

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma?

Cercaria.

What is a definitive host of Schistosoma?

Humans.

What technique is used for diagnosing schistosomiasis eggs in feces?

Faust and Meleney’s egg hatching technique.

What are the forms of schistosomiasis associated with different Schistosoma species?

S. haematobium - Vesical schistosomiasis; S. japonicum - Katayama disease; S. mansoni - Intestinal Bilharziasis.

What symptom is typical of acute schistosomiasis?

Katayama fever, which may present with fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea.

What are the common laboratory techniques for diagnosing schistosomiasis?

Fecalysis, rectal biopsy, antibody detection using ELISA.

What are the pathological symptoms of S. haematobium infection?

Dysuria and hematuria.

What is the habitat of Schistosoma japonicum?

Superior mesenteric vein in the small intestine.

Which Schistosoma species is known to cause urinary schistosomiasis?

Schistosoma haematobium.

What is the notable feature of Schistosoma mansoni eggs?

Ellipsoidal with prominent lateral spines.

What is the characteristic of adult Schistosoma japonicum males?

Shorter but larger, measuring 12-20mm.

How do cercariae penetrate the host's skin?

Using a proteolytic enzyme called elastase.

What are the stages of schistosomiasis?

Cercarial dermatitis, acute schistosomiasis, chronic stage.

What is the treatment for schistosomiasis?

Praziquantel, oxamniquine, niridazole.

What are the symptoms of acute schistosomiasis?

High fever, hepatosplenomegaly, eosinophilia.

How many eggs can a mature female Schistosoma japonicum produce per day?

3000 eggs.

What are the features of the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium?

Ellipsoidal with a prominent terminal spine.

What prevents cercariae from surviving outside water?

They die within 48-72 hours without finding a suitable host.